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Programmable multiphoton quantum interference in a single spatial mode Sci. Adv. (IF 13.6) Pub Date : 2024-04-19 Lorenzo Carosini, Virginia Oddi, Francesco Giorgino, Lena M. Hansen, Benoit Seron, Simone Piacentini, Tobias Guggemos, Iris Agresti, Juan C. Loredo, Philip Walther
The interference of nonclassical states of light enables quantum-enhanced applications reaching from metrology to computation. Most commonly, the polarization or spatial location of single photons are used as addressable degrees of freedom for turning these applications into praxis. However, the scale-up for the processing of a large number of photons of these architectures is very resource-demanding
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Coin-sized, fully integrated, and minimally invasive continuous glucose monitoring system based on organic electrochemical transistors Sci. Adv. (IF 13.6) Pub Date : 2024-04-19 Jing Bai, Dingyao Liu, Xinyu Tian, Yan Wang, Binbin Cui, Yilin Yang, Shilei Dai, Wensheng Lin, Jixiang Zhu, Jinqiang Wang, Aimin Xu, Zhen Gu, Shiming Zhang
Continuous glucose monitoring systems (CGMs) are critical toward closed-loop diabetes management. The field’s progress urges next-generation CGMs with enhanced antinoise ability, reliability, and wearability. Here, we propose a coin-sized, fully integrated, and wearable CGM, achieved by holistically synergizing state-of-the-art interdisciplinary technologies of biosensors, minimally invasive tools
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The immune-evasive proline-283 substitution in influenza nucleoprotein increases aggregation propensity without altering the native structure Sci. Adv. (IF 13.6) Pub Date : 2024-04-19 Jimin Yoon, Yu Meng Zhang, Cheenou Her, Robert A. Grant, Anna I. Ponomarenko, Bryce E. Ackermann, Tiffani Hui, Yu-Shan Lin, Galia T. Debelouchina, Matthew D. Shoulders
Nucleoprotein (NP) is a key structural protein of influenza ribonucleoprotein complexes and is central to viral RNA packing and trafficking. NP also determines the sensitivity of influenza to myxovirus resistance protein 1 (MxA), an innate immunity factor that restricts influenza replication. A few critical MxA-resistant mutations have been identified in NP, including the highly conserved proline-283
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Noncovalently particle-anchored cytokines with prolonged tumor retention safely elicit potent antitumor immunity Sci. Adv. (IF 13.6) Pub Date : 2024-04-19 Liqian Niu, Eungyo Jang, Ai Lin Chin, Ziyu Huo, Wenbo Wang, Wenjun Cai, Rong Tong
Preclinical studies have shown that immunostimulatory cytokines elicit antitumor immune responses but their clinical use is limited by severe immune-related adverse events upon systemic administration. Here, we report a facile and versatile strategy for noncovalently anchoring potent Fc-fused cytokine molecules to the surface of size-discrete particles decorated with Fc-binding peptide for local administration
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Liver-targeted polymeric prodrugs delivered subcutaneously improve tafenoquine therapeutic window for malaria radical cure Sci. Adv. (IF 13.6) Pub Date : 2024-04-19 Ayumi E. Pottenger, Debashish Roy, Selvi Srinivasan, Thomas E. J. Chavas, Vladmir Vlaskin, Duy-Khiet Ho, Vincent C. Livingston, Mahdi Maktabi, Hsiuling Lin, Jing Zhang, Brandon Pybus, Karl Kudyba, Alison Roth, Peter Senter, George Tyson, Hans E. Huber, David Wesche, Rosemary Rochford, Paul A. Burke, Patrick S. Stayton
Approximately 3.3 billion people live with the threat of Plasmodium vivax malaria. Infection can result in liver-localized hypnozoites, which when reactivated cause relapsing malaria. This work demonstrates that an enzyme-cleavable polymeric prodrug of tafenoquine addresses key requirements for a mass administration, eradication campaign: excellent subcutaneous bioavailability, complete parasite control
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PTH treatment before cyclic joint loading improves cartilage health and attenuates load-induced osteoarthritis development in mice Sci. Adv. (IF 13.6) Pub Date : 2024-04-19 Adrien Y. Antoinette, Sophia N. Ziemian, Allison R. Brown, Erin B. Hudson, Carolyn Chlebek, Timothy M. Wright, Steven R. Goldring, Mary B. Goldring, Miguel Otero, Marjolein C.H. van der Meulen
Osteoarthritis (OA) treatment is limited by the lack of effective nonsurgical interventions to slow disease progression. Here, we examined the contributions of the subchondral bone properties to OA development. We used parathyroid hormone (PTH) to modulate bone mass before OA initiation and alendronate (ALN) to inhibit bone remodeling during OA progression. We examined the spatiotemporal progression
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Observation of parity-time symmetry in diffusive systems Sci. Adv. (IF 13.6) Pub Date : 2024-04-19 Pei-Chao Cao, Ran Ju, Dong Wang, Minghong Qi, Yun-Kai Liu, Yu-Gui Peng, Hongsheng Chen, Xue-Feng Zhu, Ying Li
Phase modulation has scarcely been mentioned in diffusive physical systems because the diffusion process does not carry the momentum like waves. Recently, non-Hermitian physics provides a unique perspective for understanding diffusion and shows prospects in thermal phase regulation, exemplified by the discovery of anti-parity-time (APT) symmetry in diffusive systems. However, precise control of thermal
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Custom-tailored hole transport layer using oxalic acid for high-quality tin-lead perovskites and efficient all-perovskite tandems Sci. Adv. (IF 13.6) Pub Date : 2024-04-19 Jingwei Zhu, Yuliang Xu, Yi Luo, Jincheng Luo, Rui He, Changlei Wang, Yang Wang, Kun Wei, Zongjin Yi, Zhiyu Gao, Juncheng Wang, Jiayu You, Zhihao Zhang, Huagui Lai, Shengqiang Ren, Xirui Liu, Chuanxiao Xiao, Cong Chen, Jinbao Zhang, Fan Fu, Dewei Zhao
All-perovskite tandem solar cells (TSCs) have exhibited higher efficiencies than single-junction perovskite solar cells (PSCs) but still suffer from the unsatisfactory performance of low-bandgap (LBG) tin-lead (Sn-Pb) subcells. The inherent properties of PEDOT:PSS are crucial to high-performance Sn-Pb perovskite films and devices; however, the underlying mechanism has not been fully explored and revealed
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Bioresorbable, wireless, passive sensors for continuous pH measurements and early detection of gastric leakage Sci. Adv. (IF 13.6) Pub Date : 2024-04-19 Shuo Li, Di Lu, Shupeng Li, Jiaqi Liu, Yameng Xu, Ying Yan, Jorge Zárate Rodriguez, Hedan Bai, Raudel Avila, Shuming Kang, Xinchen Ni, Haiwen Luan, Hexia Guo, Wubin Bai, Changsheng Wu, Xuhao Zhou, Ziying Hu, Mitchell A. Pet, Chet W. Hammill, Matthew R. MacEwan, Wilson Z. Ray, Yonggang Huang, John A. Rogers
Continuous monitoring of biomarkers at locations adjacent to targeted internal organs can provide actionable information about postoperative status beyond conventional diagnostic methods. As an example, changes in pH in the intra-abdominal space after gastric surgeries can serve as direct indicators of potentially life-threatening leakage events, in contrast to symptomatic reactions that may delay
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From 13 C-lignin to 13 C-mycelium: Agaricus bisporus uses polymeric lignin as a carbon source Sci. Adv. (IF 13.6) Pub Date : 2024-04-19 Katharina Duran, Michael Kohlstedt, Gijs van Erven, Cynthia E. Klostermann, Antoine H. P. America, Edwin Bakx, Johan J. P. Baars, Antonie Gorissen, Ries de Visser, Ronald P. de Vries, Christoph Wittmann, Rob N. J. Comans, Thomas W. Kuyper, Mirjam A. Kabel
Plant biomass conversion by saprotrophic fungi plays a pivotal role in terrestrial carbon (C) cycling. The general consensus is that fungi metabolize carbohydrates, while lignin is only degraded and mineralized to CO 2 . Recent research, however, demonstrated fungal conversion of 13 C-monoaromatic compounds into proteinogenic amino acids. To unambiguously prove that polymeric lignin is not merely degraded
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Tissue-specific genetic variation suggests distinct molecular pathways between body shape phenotypes and colorectal cancer Sci. Adv. (IF 13.6) Pub Date : 2024-04-19 Laia Peruchet-Noray, Anja M. Sedlmeier, Niki Dimou, Hansjörg Baurecht, Béatrice Fervers, Emma Fontvieille, Julian Konzok, Kostas K. Tsilidis, Sofia Christakoudi, Anna Jansana, Reynalda Cordova, Patricia Bohmann, Michael J. Stein, Andrea Weber, Stéphane Bézieau, Hermann Brenner, Andrew T. Chan, Iona Cheng, Jane C. Figueiredo, Koldo Garcia-Etxebarria, Victor Moreno, Christina C. Newton, Stephanie L.
It remains unknown whether adiposity subtypes are differentially associated with colorectal cancer (CRC). To move beyond single-trait anthropometric indicators, we derived four multi-trait body shape phenotypes reflecting adiposity subtypes from principal components analysis on body mass index, height, weight, waist-to-hip ratio, and waist and hip circumference. A generally obese (PC1) and a tall,
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Mid-infrared single-photon upconversion spectroscopy enabled by nonlocal wavelength-to-time mapping Sci. Adv. (IF 13.6) Pub Date : 2024-04-19 Yujie Cai, Yu Chen, Konstantin Dorfman, Xiaoning Xin, Xiaoying Wang, Kun Huang, E Wu
Ultrasensitive spectroscopy is an essential component in mid-infrared (MIR) technology. However, the drawbacks of MIR detectors pose challenges to robust MIR spectroscopy at the single-photon level. We propose an MIR single-photon frequency upconversion spectroscopy nonlocally mapping the MIR information to the time domain. Broadband MIR photons from spontaneous parametric downconversion are frequency-upconverted
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Photocatalytic manipulation of Ca 2+ signaling for regulating cellular and animal behaviors via MOF-enabled H 2 O 2 generation Sci. Adv. (IF 13.6) Pub Date : 2024-04-19 Zherui Zhang, Yuhao Luo, Yuanhong Ma, Yaofeng Zhou, Dingcheng Zhu, Wanhua Shen, Junqiu Liu
The in situ generation of H 2 O 2 in cells in response to external stimulation has exceptional advantages in modulating intracellular Ca 2+ dynamics, including high controllability and biological safety, but has been rarely explored. Here, we develop photocatalyst-based metal-organic frameworks (DCSA-MOFs) to modulate Ca 2+ responses in cells, multicellular spheroids, and organs. By virtue of the efficient
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Positioning regulation of organelle network via Chinese microneedle Sci. Adv. (IF 13.6) Pub Date : 2024-04-19 Feng Lin, Lei Xiang, Longxi Wu, Yupu Liu, Qinzhe Jiang, Lianfu Deng, Wenguo Cui
The organelle network is a key factor in the repair and regeneration of lesion. However, effectively intervening in the organelle network which has complex interaction mechanisms is challenging. In this study, on the basis of electromagnetic laws, we constructed a biomaterial-based physical/chemical restraint device. This device was designed to jointly constrain electrical and biological factors in
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Carbon capture in polymer-based electrolytes Sci. Adv. (IF 13.6) Pub Date : 2024-04-19 Yang Wang, Tony G. Feric, Jing Tang, Chao Fang, Sara T. Hamilton, David M. Halat, Bing Wu, Hasan Celik, Guanhe Rim, Tara DuBridge, Julianne Oshiro, Rui Wang, Ah-Hyung Alissa Park, Jeffrey A. Reimer
Nanoparticle organic hybrid materials (NOHMs) have been proposed as excellent electrolytes for combined CO 2 capture and electrochemical conversion due to their conductive nature and chemical tunability. However, CO 2 capture behavior and transport properties of these electrolytes after CO 2 capture have not yet been studied. Here, we use a variety of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) techniques to
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Real-time swelling-collapse kinetics of nanogels driven by XFEL pulses Sci. Adv. (IF 13.6) Pub Date : 2024-04-19 Francesco Dallari, Irina Lokteva, Johannes Möller, Wojciech Roseker, Claudia Goy, Fabian Westermeier, Ulrike Boesenberg, Jörg Hallmann, Angel Rodriguez-Fernandez, Markus Scholz, Roman Shayduk, Anders Madsen, Gerhard Grübel, Felix Lehmkühler
Stimuli-responsive polymers are an important class of materials with many applications in nanotechnology and drug delivery. The most prominent one is poly- N -isopropylacrylamide (PNIPAm). The characterization of the kinetics of its change after a temperature jump is still a lively research topic, especially at nanometer-length scales where it is not possible to rely on conventional microscopic techniques
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Electric-field control of nonvolatile resistance state of perpendicular magnetic tunnel junction via magnetoelectric coupling Sci. Adv. (IF 13.6) Pub Date : 2024-04-19 Yike Zhang, Weideng Sun, Kaihua Cao, Xiao-Xue Yang, Yongqiang Yang, Shiyang Lu, Ao Du, Chaoqun Hu, Ce Feng, Yutong Wang, Jianwang Cai, Baoshan Cui, Hong-Guang Piao, Weisheng Zhao, Yonggang Zhao
Magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs) are the core elements of spintronic devices. Now, the mainstream writing operation of MTJs mainly relies on electric current with high energy dissipation, which can be greatly reduced if an electric field is used instead. In this regard, strain-mediated multiferroic heterostructure composed of MTJ and ferroelectrics are promising with the advantages of room temperature
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Human-level few-shot concept induction through minimax entropy learning Sci. Adv. (IF 13.6) Pub Date : 2024-04-19 Chi Zhang, Baoxiong Jia, Yixin Zhu, Song-Chun Zhu
Humans learn concepts both from labeled supervision and by unsupervised observation of patterns, a process machines are being taught to mimic by training on large annotated datasets—a method quite different from the human pathway, wherein few examples with no supervision suffice to induce an unfamiliar relational concept. We introduce a computational model designed to emulate human inductive reasoning
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Emergence of simple and complex contagion dynamics from weighted belief networks Sci. Adv. (IF 13.6) Pub Date : 2024-04-12 Rachith Aiyappa, Alessandro Flammini, Yong-Yeol Ahn
Social contagion is a ubiquitous and fundamental process that drives individual and social changes. Although social contagion arises as a result of cognitive processes and biases, the integration of cognitive mechanisms with the theory of social contagion remains an open challenge. In particular, studies on social phenomena usually assume contagion dynamics to be either simple or complex, rather than
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Mechanisms used for cDNA synthesis and site-specific integration of RNA into DNA genomes by a reverse transcriptase–Cas1 fusion protein Sci. Adv. (IF 13.6) Pub Date : 2024-04-12 Georg Mohr, Jun Yao, Seung Kuk Park, Laura Markham, Alan M. Lambowitz
Reverse transcriptase–Cas1 (RT-Cas1) fusion proteins found in some CRISPR systems enable spacer acquisition from both RNA and DNA, but the mechanism of RNA spacer acquisition has remained unclear. Here, we found that Marinomonas mediterranea RT-Cas1/Cas2 adds short 3′-DNA (dN) tails to RNA protospacers, enabling their direct integration into CRISPR arrays as 3′-dN-RNAs or 3′-dN-RNA/cDNA duplexes at
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Electron videography of a lipid–protein tango Sci. Adv. (IF 13.6) Pub Date : 2024-04-17 John W. Smith, Lauren N. Carnevale, Aditi Das, Qian Chen
Biological phenomena, from enzymatic catalysis to synaptic transmission, originate in the structural transformations of biomolecules and biomolecular assemblies in liquid water. However, directly imaging these nanoscopic dynamics without probes or labels has been a fundamental methodological challenge. Here, we developed an approach for “electron videography”—combining liquid phase electron microscopy
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RIPK3 deficiency blocks R-2-hydroxyglutarate–induced necroptosis in IDH-mutated AML cells Sci. Adv. (IF 13.6) Pub Date : 2024-04-17 Shuanghong Zhu, Yingwan Luo, Kongfei Li, Chen Mei, Yuxia Wang, Lingxu Jiang, Wei Wang, Qi Zhang, Wenli Yang, Wei Lang, Xinping Zhou, Lu Wang, Yanling Ren, Liya Ma, Li Ye, Xin Huang, Jianjun Chen, Jie Sun, Hongyan Tong
Mutant isocitrate dehydrogenases (IDHs) produce R-2-hydroxyglutarate (R-2HG), which inhibits the growth of most acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells. Here, we showed that necroptosis, a form of programmed cell death, contributed to the antileukemia activity of R-2HG. Mechanistically, R-2HG competitively inhibited the activity of lysine demethylase 2B (KDM2B), an α-ketoglutarate–dependent dioxygenase
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Structural insights into the unexpected agonism of tetracyclic antidepressants at serotonin receptors 5-HT 1e R and 5-HT 1F R Sci. Adv. (IF 13.6) Pub Date : 2024-04-17 Gregory Zilberg, Alexandra K. Parpounas, Audrey L. Warren, Bianca Fiorillo, Davide Provasi, Marta Filizola, Daniel Wacker
Serotonin [5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT)] acts via 13 different receptors in humans. Of these receptor subtypes, all but 5-HT 1e R have confirmed roles in native tissue and are validated drug targets. Despite 5-HT 1e R’s therapeutic potential and plausible druggability, the mechanisms of its activation remain elusive. To illuminate 5-HT 1e R’s pharmacology in relation to the highly homologous 5-HT 1F
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Acoustothermal transfection for cell therapy Sci. Adv. (IF 13.6) Pub Date : 2024-04-17 Xiufang Liu, Ning Rong, Zhenhua Tian, Joseph Rich, Lili Niu, Pengqi Li, Laixin Huang, Yankai Dong, Wei Zhou, Pengfei Zhang, Yizhao Chen, Congzhi Wang, Long Meng, Tony Jun Huang, Hairong Zheng
Transfected stem cells and T cells are promising in personalized cell therapy and immunotherapy against various diseases. However, existing transfection techniques face a fundamental trade-off between transfection efficiency and cell viability; achieving both simultaneously remains a substantial challenge. This study presents an acoustothermal transfection method that leverages acoustic and thermal
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Decoding triancestral origins, archaic introgression, and natural selection in the Japanese population by whole-genome sequencing Sci. Adv. (IF 13.6) Pub Date : 2024-04-17 Xiaoxi Liu, Satoshi Koyama, Kohei Tomizuka, Sadaaki Takata, Yuki Ishikawa, Shuji Ito, Shunichi Kosugi, Kunihiko Suzuki, Keiko Hikino, Masaru Koido, Yoshinao Koike, Momoko Horikoshi, Takashi Gakuhari, Shiro Ikegawa, Kochi Matsuda, Yukihide Momozawa, Kaoru Ito, Yoichiro Kamatani, Chikashi Terao
We generated Japanese Encyclopedia of Whole-Genome/Exome Sequencing Library (JEWEL), a high-depth whole-genome sequencing dataset comprising 3256 individuals from across Japan. Analysis of JEWEL revealed genetic characteristics of the Japanese population that were not discernible using microarray data. First, rare variant–based analysis revealed an unprecedented fine-scale genetic structure. Together
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Ultralow-power optoelectronic synaptic transistors based on polyzwitterion dielectrics for in-sensor reservoir computing Sci. Adv. (IF 13.6) Pub Date : 2024-04-17 Xiaosong Wu, Shuhui Shi, Baoshuai Liang, Yu Dong, Rumeng Yang, Ruiduan Ji, Zhongrui Wang, Weiguo Huang
Bio-inspired transistor synapses use solid electrolytes to achieve low-power operation and rich synaptic behaviors via ion diffusion and trapping. While these neuromorphic devices hold great promise, they still suffer from challenges such as high leakage currents and power consumption, electrolysis risk, and irreversible conductance changes due to long-range ion migrations and permanent ion trapping
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A macroevolutionary role for chromosomal fusion and fission in Erebia butterflies Sci. Adv. (IF 13.6) Pub Date : 2024-04-17 Hannah Augustijnen, Livio Bätscher, Martin Cesanek, Tinatin Chkhartishvili, Vlad Dincă, Giorgi Iankoshvili, Kota Ogawa, Roger Vila, Seraina Klopfstein, Jurriaan M. de Vos, Kay Lucek
The impact of large-scale chromosomal rearrangements, such as fusions and fissions, on speciation is a long-standing conundrum. We assessed whether bursts of change in chromosome numbers resulting from chromosomal fusion or fission are related to increased speciation rates in Erebia , one of the most species-rich and karyotypically variable butterfly groups. We established a genome-based phylogeny
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Topology-guided polar ordering of collective cell migration Sci. Adv. (IF 13.6) Pub Date : 2024-04-17 Emma Lång, Anna Lång, Pernille Blicher, Torbjørn Rognes, Paul Gunnar Dommersnes, Stig Ove Bøe
The ability of epithelial monolayers to self-organize into a dynamic polarized state, where cells migrate in a uniform direction, is essential for tissue regeneration, development, and tumor progression. However, the mechanisms governing long-range polar ordering of motility direction in biological tissues remain unclear. Here, we investigate the self-organizing behavior of quiescent epithelial monolayers
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Antarctic Slope Undercurrent and onshore heat transport driven by ice shelf melting Sci. Adv. (IF 13.6) Pub Date : 2024-04-17 Yidongfang Si, Andrew L. Stewart, Alessandro Silvano, Alberto C. Naveira Garabato
Elevated ice shelf melt rates in West Antarctica have been attributed to transport of warm Circumpolar Deep Water (CDW) onto the continental shelf via bathymetric troughs. These inflows are supplied by an eastward, subsurface slope current (referred to as the Antarctic Slope Undercurrent) that opposes the westward momentum input from local winds and tides. Despite its importance to basal melt, the
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From sub-Saharan Africa to China: Evolutionary history and adaptation of Drosophila melanogaster revealed by population genomics Sci. Adv. (IF 13.6) Pub Date : 2024-04-17 Junhao Chen, Chenlu Liu, Weixuan Li, Wenxia Zhang, Yirong Wang, Andrew G. Clark, Jian Lu
Drosophila melanogaster is a widely used model organism for studying environmental adaptation. However, the genetic diversity of populations in Asia is poorly understood, leaving a notable gap in our knowledge of the global evolution and adaptation of this species. We sequenced genomes of 292 D. melanogaster strains from various ecological settings in China and analyzed them along with previously published
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Perturbation-induced granular fluidization as a model for remote earthquake triggering Sci. Adv. (IF 13.6) Pub Date : 2024-04-17 Kasra Farain, Daniel Bonn
Studying the effect of mechanical perturbations on granular systems is crucial for understanding soil stability, avalanches, and earthquakes. We investigate a granular system as a laboratory proxy for fault gouge. When subjected to a slow shear, granular materials typically exhibit a stress overshoot before reaching a steady state. We find that short seismic pulses can reset a granular system flowing
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Achieving room temperature plasticity in brittle ceramics through elevated temperature preloading Sci. Adv. (IF 13.6) Pub Date : 2024-04-17 Chao Shen, Jin Li, Tongjun Niu, Jaehun Cho, Zhongxia Shang, Yifan Zhang, Anyu Shang, Bo Yang, Ke Xu, R. Edwin García, Haiyan Wang, Xinghang Zhang
Ceramic materials with high strength and chemical inertness are widely used as engineering materials. However, the brittle nature limits their applications as fracture occurs before the onset of plastic yielding. There has been limited success despite extensive efforts to enhance the deformability of ceramics. Here we report a method for enhancing the room temperature plastic deformability of ceramics
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Spatiotemporal architecture of immune cells and cancer-associated fibroblasts in high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma Sci. Adv. (IF 13.6) Pub Date : 2024-04-17 Alexander M. Xu, Marcela Haro, Ann E. Walts, Ye Hu, Joshi John, Beth Y. Karlan, Akil Merchant, Sandra Orsulic
High-grade serous ovarian carcinoma (HGSOC), the deadliest form of ovarian cancer, is typically diagnosed after it has metastasized and often relapses after standard-of-care platinum-based chemotherapy, likely due to advanced tumor stage, heterogeneity, and immune evasion and tumor-promoting signaling from the tumor microenvironment. To understand how spatial heterogeneity contributes to HGSOC progression
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Generation of entanglement using a short-wavelength seeded free-electron laser Sci. Adv. (IF 13.6) Pub Date : 2024-04-17 Saikat Nandi, Axel Stenquist, Asimina Papoulia, Edvin Olofsson, Laura Badano, Mattias Bertolino, David Busto, Carlo Callegari, Stefanos Carlström, Miltcho B. Danailov, Philipp V. Demekhin, Michele Di Fraia, Per Eng-Johnsson, Raimund Feifel, Guillaume Gallician, Luca Giannessi, Mathieu Gisselbrecht, Michele Manfredda, Michael Meyer, Catalin Miron, Jasper Peschel, Oksana Plekan, Kevin C. Prince, Richard
Quantum entanglement between the degrees of freedom encountered in the classical world is challenging to observe due to the surrounding environment. To elucidate this issue, we investigate the entanglement generated over ultrafast timescales in a bipartite quantum system comprising two massive particles: a free-moving photoelectron, which expands to a mesoscopic length scale, and a light-dressed atomic
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Mitochondrial energy state controls AMPK-mediated foraging behavior in C. elegans Sci. Adv. (IF 13.6) Pub Date : 2024-04-17 Anežka Vodičková, Annika Müller-Eigner, Chidozie N. Okoye, Andrew P. Bischer, Jacob Horn, Shon A. Koren, Nada Ahmed Selim, Andrew P. Wojtovich
Organisms surveil and respond to their environment using behaviors entrained by metabolic cues that reflect food availability. Mitochondria act as metabolic hubs and at the center of mitochondrial energy production is the protonmotive force (PMF), an electrochemical gradient generated by metabolite consumption. The PMF serves as a central integrator of mitochondrial status, but its role in governing
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Last Glacial Maximum pattern effects reduce climate sensitivity estimates Sci. Adv. (IF 13.6) Pub Date : 2024-04-17 Vincent T. Cooper, Kyle C. Armour, Gregory J. Hakim, Jessica E. Tierney, Matthew B. Osman, Cristian Proistosescu, Yue Dong, Natalie J. Burls, Timothy Andrews, Daniel E. Amrhein, Jiang Zhu, Wenhao Dong, Yi Ming, Philip Chmielowiec
Here, we show that the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) provides a stronger constraint on equilibrium climate sensitivity (ECS), the global warming from increasing greenhouse gases, after accounting for temperature patterns. Feedbacks governing ECS depend on spatial patterns of surface temperature (“pattern effects”); hence, using the LGM to constrain future warming requires quantifying how temperature patterns
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Dispersive nonreciprocity between a qubit and a cavity Sci. Adv. (IF 13.6) Pub Date : 2024-04-17 Ying-Ying Wang, Yu-Xin Wang, Sean van Geldern, Thomas Connolly, Aashish A. Clerk, Chen Wang
The dispersive interaction between a qubit and a cavity is ubiquitous in circuit and cavity quantum electrodynamics. It describes the frequency shift of one quantum mode in response to excitations in the other and, in closed systems, is necessarily bidirectional, i.e., reciprocal. Here, we present an experimental study of a nonreciprocal dispersive-type interaction between a transmon qubit and a superconducting
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Nonlocal metasurface for dark-field edge emission Sci. Adv. (IF 13.6) Pub Date : 2024-04-17 Jin Yao, Wei-Lun Hsu, Yao Liang, Rong Lin, Mu Ku Chen, Din Ping Tsai
Nonlocal effects originating from interactions between neighboring meta-atoms introduce additional degrees of freedom for peculiar characteristics of metadevices, such as enhancement, selectivity, and spatial modulation. However, they are generally difficult to manipulate because of the collective responses of multiple meta-atoms. Here, we experimentally demonstrate the nonlocal metasurface to realize
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Dual-responsive nanocarriers for efficient cytosolic protein delivery and CRISPR-Cas9 gene therapy of inflammatory skin disorders Sci. Adv. (IF 13.6) Pub Date : 2024-04-17 Echuan Tan, Tao Wan, Qi Pan, Jianan Duan, Song Zhang, Ruijue Wang, Peng Gao, Jia Lv, Hui Wang, Dali Li, Yuan Ping, Yiyun Cheng
Developing protein drugs that can target intracellular sites remains a challenge due to their inadequate membrane permeability. Efficient carriers for cytosolic protein delivery are required for protein-based drugs, cancer vaccines, and CRISPR-Cas9 gene therapies. Here, we report a screening process to identify highly efficient materials for cytosolic protein delivery from a library of dual-functionalized
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Optical control of 4 f orbital state in rare-earth metals Sci. Adv. (IF 13.6) Pub Date : 2024-04-17 Nele Thielemann-Kühn, Tim Amrhein, Wibke Bronsch, Somnath Jana, Niko Pontius, Robin Y. Engel, Piter S. Miedema, Dominik Legut, Karel Carva, Unai Atxitia, Benjamin E. van Kuiken, Martin Teichmann, Robert E. Carley, Laurent Mercadier, Alexander Yaroslavtsev, Giuseppe Mercurio, Loïc Le Guyader, Naman Agarwal, Rafael Gort, Andres Scherz, Siarhei Dziarzhytski, Günter Brenner, Federico Pressacco, Ru-Pan
A change of orbital state alters the coupling between ions and their surroundings drastically. Orbital excitations are hence key to understand and control interaction of ions. Rare-earth elements with strong magneto-crystalline anisotropy (MCA) are important ingredients for magnetic devices. Thus, control of their localized 4 f magnetic moments and anisotropy is one major challenge in ultrafast spin
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Formation of extraterrestrial peptides and their derivatives Sci. Adv. (IF 13.6) Pub Date : 2024-04-17 Serge A. Krasnokutski, Cornelia Jäger, Thomas Henning, Claude Geffroy, Quentin B. Remaury, Pauline Poinot
The formation of protein precursors, due to the condensation of atomic carbon under the low-temperature conditions of the molecular phases of the interstellar medium, opens alternative pathways for the origin of life. We perform peptide synthesis under conditions prevailing in space and provide a comprehensive analytic characterization of its products. The application of 13 C allowed us to confirm
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A unified theory of tunneling times promoted by Ramsey clocks Sci. Adv. (IF 13.6) Pub Date : 2024-04-17 Patrik Schach, Enno Giese
What time does a clock tell after quantum tunneling? Predictions and indirect measurements range from superluminal or instantaneous tunneling to finite durations, depending on the specific experiment and the precise definition of the elapsed time. Proposals and implementations use the atomic motion to define this delay, although the inherent quantum nature of atoms implies a delocalization and is in
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Band-driven switching of magnetism in a van der Waals magnetic semimetal Sci. Adv. (IF 13.6) Pub Date : 2024-04-12 Hideki Matsuoka, Shun Kajihara, Takuya Nomoto, Yue Wang, Motoaki Hirayama, Ryotaro Arita, Yoshihiro Iwasa, Masaki Nakano
Magnetic semimetals form an attractive class of materials because of the nontrivial contributions of itinerant electrons to magnetism. Because of their relatively low–carrier-density nature, a doping level of those materials could be largely tuned by a gating technique. Here, we demonstrate gate-tunable ferromagnetism in an emergent van der Waals magnetic semimetal Cr 3 Te 4 based on an ion-gating
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Neddylation orchestrates the complex transcriptional and posttranscriptional program that drives Schwann cell myelination Sci. Adv. (IF 13.6) Pub Date : 2024-04-12 Paula Ayuso-García, Alejandro Sánchez-Rueda, Sergio Velasco-Avilés, Miguel Tamayo-Caro, Aroa Ferrer-Pinós, Cecilia Huarte-Sebastian, Vanesa Alvarez, Cristina Riobello, Selene Jiménez-Vega, Izaskun Buendia, Jorge Cañas-Martin, Héctor Fernández-Susavila, Adrián Aparicio-Rey, Eva M. Esquinas-Román, Carlos Rodríguez Ponte, Romane Guhl, Nicolas Laville, Encarni Pérez-Andrés, José L. Lavín, Monika González-Lopez
Myelination is essential for neuronal function and health. In peripheral nerves, >100 causative mutations have been identified that cause Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease, a disorder that can affect myelin sheaths. Among these, a number of mutations are related to essential targets of the posttranslational modification neddylation, although how these lead to myelin defects is unclear. Here, we demonstrate
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Spatially resolved immune exhaustion within the alloreactive microenvironment predicts liver transplant rejection Sci. Adv. (IF 13.6) Pub Date : 2024-04-12 Arianna Barbetta, Brittany Rocque, Sarah Bangerth, Kelly Street, Carly Weaver, Shefali Chopra, Janet Kim, Linda Sher, Brice Gaudilliere, Omid Akbari, Rohit Kohli, Juliet Emamaullee
Allograft rejection is common following clinical organ transplantation, but defining specific immune subsets mediating alloimmunity has been elusive. Calcineurin inhibitor dose escalation, corticosteroids, and/or lymphocyte depleting antibodies have remained the primary options for treatment of clinical rejection episodes. Here, we developed a highly multiplexed imaging mass cytometry panel to study
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Deterministic storage and retrieval of telecom light from a quantum dot single-photon source interfaced with an atomic quantum memory Sci. Adv. (IF 13.6) Pub Date : 2024-04-12 Sarah E. Thomas, Lukas Wagner, Raphael Joos, Robert Sittig, Cornelius Nawrath, Paul Burdekin, Ilse Maillette de Buy Wenniger, Mikhael J. Rasiah, Tobias Huber-Loyola, Steven Sagona-Stophel, Sven Höfling, Michael Jetter, Peter Michler, Ian A. Walmsley, Simone L. Portalupi, Patrick M. Ledingham
A hybrid interface of solid-state single-photon sources and atomic quantum memories is a long sought-after goal in photonic quantum technologies. Here, we demonstrate deterministic storage and retrieval of light from a semiconductor quantum dot in an atomic ensemble quantum memory at telecommunications wavelengths. We store single photons from an indium arsenide quantum dot in a high-bandwidth rubidium
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Pseudo-spin switches and Aharonov-Bohm effect for topological boundary modes Sci. Adv. (IF 13.6) Pub Date : 2024-04-12 Yuma Kawaguchi, Daria Smirnova, Filipp Komissarenko, Svetlana Kiriushechkina, Anton Vakulenko, Mengyao Li, Andrea Alù, Alexander B. Khanikaev
Topological boundary modes in electronic and classical-wave systems exhibit fascinating properties. In photonics, topological nature of boundary modes can make them robust and endows them with an additional internal structure—pseudo-spins. Here, we introduce heterogeneous boundary modes, which are based on mixing two of the most widely used topological photonics platforms—the pseudo-spin–Hall-like
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The autism susceptibility kinase, TAOK2, phosphorylates eEF2 and modulates translation Sci. Adv. (IF 13.6) Pub Date : 2024-04-12 Melad Henis, Tabitha Rücker, Robin Scharrenberg, Melanie Richter, Lucas Baltussen, Shuai Hong, Durga Praveen Meka, Birgit Schwanke, Nagammal Neelagandan, Danie Daaboul, Nadeem Murtaza, Christoph Krisp, Sönke Harder, Hartmut Schlüter, Matthias Kneussel, Irm Hermans-Borgmeyer, Joris de Wit, Karun K. Singh, Kent E. Duncan, Froylan Calderón de Anda
Genes implicated in translation control have been associated with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs). However, some important genetic causes of autism, including the 16p11.2 microdeletion, bear no obvious connection to translation. Here, we use proteomics, genetics, and translation assays in cultured cells and mouse brain to reveal altered translation mediated by loss of the kinase TAOK2 in 16p11.2 deletion
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Energy metabolism as therapeutic target for aged wound repair by engineered extracellular vesicle Sci. Adv. (IF 13.6) Pub Date : 2024-04-12 Yu Zhuang, Shengjie Jiang, Xiaoling Deng, An Lao, Xiaolin Hua, Yun Xie, Lingyong Jiang, Xudong Wang, Kaili Lin
Aging skin, vulnerable to age-related defects, is poor in wound repair. Metabolic regulation in accumulated senescent cells (SnCs) with aging is essential for tissue homeostasis, and adequate ATP is important in cell activation for aged tissue repair. Strategies for ATP metabolism intervention hold prospects for therapeutic advances. Here, we found energy metabolic changes in aging skin from patients
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Simultaneous analysis of pMHC binding and reactivity unveils virus-specific CD8 T cell immunity to a concise epitope set Sci. Adv. (IF 13.6) Pub Date : 2024-04-12 Nikolaj Pagh Kristensen, Edoardo Dionisio, Amalie Kai Bentzen, Tripti Tamhane, Janine Sophie Kemming, Grigorii Nos, Lasse Frank Voss, Ulla Kring Hansen, Georg Michael Lauer, Sine Reker Hadrup
CD8 T cells provide immunity to virus infection through recognition of epitopes presented by peptide major histocompatibility complexes (pMHCs). To establish a concise panel of widely recognized T cell epitopes from common viruses, we combined analysis of TCR down-regulation upon stimulation with epitope-specific enumeration based on barcode-labeled pMHC multimers. We assess CD8 T cell binding and
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Ancient mitogenomes from Pre-Pottery Neolithic Central Anatolia and the effects of a Late Neolithic bottleneck in sheep ( Ovis aries ) Sci. Adv. (IF 13.6) Pub Date : 2024-04-12 Edson Sandoval-Castellanos, Andrew J. Hare, Audrey T. Lin, Evangelos A. Dimopoulos, Kevin G. Daly, Sheila Geiger, Victoria E. Mullin, Ingrid Wiechmann, Valeria Mattiangeli, Gesine Lühken, Natalia A. Zinovieva, Petar Zidarov, Canan Çakırlar, Simon Stoddart, David Orton, Jelena Bulatović, Marjan Mashkour, Eberhard W. Sauer, Liora Kolska Horwitz, Barbara Horejs, Levent Atici, Vecihi Özkaya, Jacqui Mullville
Occupied between ~10,300 and 9300 years ago, the Pre-Pottery Neolithic site of Aşıklı Höyük in Central Anatolia went through early phases of sheep domestication. Analysis of 629 mitochondrial genomes from this and numerous sites in Anatolia, southwest Asia, Europe, and Africa produced a phylogenetic tree with excessive coalescences (nodes) around the Neolithic, a potential signature of a domestication
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Coupled conversion of polyethylene and carbon dioxide catalyzed by a zeolite–metal oxide system Sci. Adv. (IF 13.6) Pub Date : 2024-04-12 Yangyang Liu, Bing Ma, Jingqing Tian, Chen Zhao
Zeolite-catalyzed polyethylene (PE) aromatization achieves reduction of the aromatic yield via hydrogenation and hydrogenolysis reactions. The hydrogen required for CO 2 hydrogenation can be provided by H radicals formed during aromatization. In this study, we efficiently convert PE and CO 2 into aromatics and CO using a zeolite–metal oxide catalyst (HZSM-5 + CuZnZrO x ) at 380°C and under hydrogen-
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Drought- and heat-induced mortality of conifer trees is explained by leaf and growth legacies Sci. Adv. (IF 13.6) Pub Date : 2024-04-12 Frank J. Sterck, Yanjun Song, Lourens Poorter
An increased frequency and severity of droughts and heat waves have resulted in increased tree mortality and forest dieback across the world, but underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. We used a common garden experiment with 20 conifer tree species to quantify mortality after three consecutive hot, dry summers and tested whether mortality could be explained by putative underlying mechanisms,
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The potassium transporter TaNHX2 interacts with TaGAD1 to promote drought tolerance via modulating stomatal aperture in wheat Sci. Adv. (IF 13.6) Pub Date : 2024-04-12 Jinpeng Li, Xingbei Liu, Shumin Chang, Wei Chu, Jingchen Lin, Hui Zhou, Zhuoran Hu, Mancang Zhang, Mingming Xin, Yingyin Yao, Weilong Guo, Xiaodong Xie, Huiru Peng, Zhongfu Ni, Qixin Sun, Yu Long, Zhaorong Hu
Drought is a major global challenge in agriculture that decreases crop production. γ-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) interfaces with drought stress in plants; however, a mechanistic understanding of the interaction between GABA accumulation and drought response remains to be established. Here we showed the potassium/proton exchanger TaNHX2 functions as a positive regulator in drought resistance in wheat by
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Miniature battery-free epidural cortical stimulators Sci. Adv. (IF 13.6) Pub Date : 2024-04-12 Joshua E. Woods, Amanda L. Singer, Fatima Alrashdan, Wendy Tan, Chunfeng Tan, Sunil A. Sheth, Sameer A. Sheth, Jacob T. Robinson
Miniaturized neuromodulation systems could improve the safety and reduce the invasiveness of bioelectronic neuromodulation. However, as implantable bioelectronic devices are made smaller, it becomes difficult to store enough power for long-term operation in batteries. Here, we present a battery-free epidural cortical stimulator that is only 9 millimeters in width yet can safely receive enough wireless
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Merging total synthesis and NMR technology for deciphering the realistic structure of natural 2,6-dideoxyglycosides Sci. Adv. (IF 13.6) Pub Date : 2024-04-12 Zhaolun Zhang, Renjie Wu, Shen Cao, Jiaji Li, Guangen Huang, Haoyu Wang, Tao Yang, Wei Tang, Peng Xu, Biao Yu
The structural identification and efficient synthesis of bioactive 2,6-dideoxyglycosides are daunting challenges. Here, we report the total synthesis and structural revision of a series of 2,6-dideoxyglycosides from folk medicinal plants Ecdysanthera rosea and Chonemorpha megacalyx , which feature pregnane steroidal aglycones bearing an 18,20-lactone and glycans consisting of 2,6-dideoxy-3- O -methyl-β-pyranose
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Smaug regulates germ plasm assembly and primordial germ cell number in Drosophila embryos Sci. Adv. (IF 13.6) Pub Date : 2024-04-12 Najeeb U. Siddiqui, Angelo Karaiskakis, Aaron L. Goldman, Whitby V. I. Eagle, Timothy C. H. Low, Hua Luo, Craig A. Smibert, Elizabeth R. Gavis, Howard D. Lipshitz
During Drosophila oogenesis, the Oskar (OSK) RNA binding protein (RBP) determines the amount of germ plasm that assembles at the posterior pole of the oocyte. Here, we identify mechanisms that subsequently regulate germ plasm assembly in the early embryo. We show that the Smaug (SMG) RBP is transported into the germ plasm of the early embryo where it accumulates in the germ granules. SMG binds to and
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Cortico-cerebellar coordination facilitates neuroprosthetic control Sci. Adv. (IF 13.6) Pub Date : 2024-04-12 Aamir Abbasi, Rohit Rangwani, Daniel W. Bowen, Andrew W. Fealy, Nathan P. Danielsen, Tanuj Gulati
Temporally coordinated neural activity is central to nervous system function and purposeful behavior. Still, there is a paucity of evidence demonstrating how this coordinated activity within cortical and subcortical regions governs behavior. We investigated this between the primary motor (M1) and contralateral cerebellar cortex as rats learned a neuroprosthetic/brain-machine interface (BMI) task. In
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Mechanically stable polymer molecular sieve membranes with switchable functionality designed for high CO 2 separation performance Sci. Adv. (IF 13.6) Pub Date : 2024-04-12 Hongju Lee, Tae-Hyun Bae
The development of high-performance membranes selective for carbon dioxide is critically important for advancing energy-efficient carbon dioxide capture technologies. Although molecular sieves have long been attractive membrane materials, turning them into practical membrane applications has been challenging. Here, we introduce an innovative approach for crafting a polymeric molecular sieve membrane
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Conserved switch genes that arose via whole-genome duplication regulate a cannibalistic nematode morph Sci. Adv. (IF 13.6) Pub Date : 2024-04-10 Sara Wighard, Hanh Witte, Ralf J. Sommer
Developmental plasticity facilitates morphological and behavioral novelty. Nematodes have emerged as a powerful model to study developmental plasticity and its evolution. Here, we show that the predatory nematode Allodiplogaster sudhausi evolved an additional third mouth morph, concomitant with whole-genome duplication (WGD) and a strong increase in body size. The three mouth morphs are induced by