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Biology, Ecology, and Management of Flea Beetles in Brassica Crops Annu. Rev. Entomol. (IF 23.8) Pub Date : 2024-01-25 Zhenyu Li, Alejandro Carlos Costamagna, Franziska Beran, Minsheng You
Brassica vegetable and oilseed crops are attacked by several different flea beetle species (Chrysomelidae: Alticini). Over the past decades, most research has focused on two Phyllotreta species, Phyllotreta striolata and Phyllotreta cruciferae, which are major pests of oilseed rape in North America. More recently, and especially after the ban of neonicotinoids in the European Union, the cabbage stem
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Vector Biology and Integrated Management of Malaria Vectors in China Annu. Rev. Entomol. (IF 23.8) Pub Date : 2024-01-25 Tongyan Zhao, Rui-De Xue
Malaria is an infectious disease caused by Plasmodium parasites, transmitted by Anopheles sinensis, Anopheles lesteri, Anopheles minimus, and Anopheles dirus in China. In 2021, the disease was eliminated in China after more than 70 years of efforts implementing an integrated mosquito management strategy. This strategy comprised indoor residual spray, insecticide-treated bed nets, irrigation management
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Ecology and Management of African Honey Bees (Apis mellifera L.) Annu. Rev. Entomol. (IF 23.8) Pub Date : 2024-01-25 Maryann Frazier, Elliud Muli, Harland Patch
In Africa, humans evolved as honey hunters of honey bee subspecies adapted to diverse geographical regions. Beekeeping today is practiced much as it was when Africans moved from honey hunting to beekeeping nearly 5,000 years ago, with beekeepers relying on seasonally available wild bees. Research suggests that populations are resilient, able to resist diseases and novel parasites. Distinct biomes,
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How Nutrients Mediate the Impacts of Global Change on Locust Outbreaks Annu. Rev. Entomol. (IF 23.8) Pub Date : 2024-01-25 Arianne J. Cease
Locusts are grasshoppers that can migrate en masse and devastate food security. Plant nutrient content is a key variable influencing population dynamics, but the relationship is not straightforward. For an herbivore, plant quality depends not only on the balance of nutrients and antinutrients in plant tissues, which is influenced by land use and climate change, but also on the nutritional state and
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Insect Bacteriocytes: Adaptation, Development, and Evolution Annu. Rev. Entomol. (IF 23.8) Pub Date : 2024-01-25 Jun-Bo Luan
Bacteriocytes are host cells specialized to harbor symbionts in certain insect taxa. The adaptation, development, and evolution of bacteriocytes underlie insect symbiosis maintenance. Bacteriocytes carry enriched host genes of insect and bacterial origin whose transcription can be regulated by microRNAs, which are involved in host–symbiont metabolic interactions. Recognition proteins of peptidoglycan
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Taxonomy, Biology, Symbionts, Omics, and Management of Rhynchophorus Palm Weevils (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Dryophthorinae) Annu. Rev. Entomol. (IF 23.8) Pub Date : 2024-01-25 Mark S. Hoddle, Binu Antony, Hamadttu A.F. El-Shafie, M. Lourdes Chamorro, Ivan Milosavljević, Bernhard Löhr, J. Romeno Faleiro
Palm weevils, Rhynchophorus spp., are destructive pests of native, ornamental, and agricultural palm species. Of the 10 recognized species, two of the most injurious species, Rhynchophorus ferrugineus and Rhynchophorus palmarum, both of which have spread beyond their native range, are the best studied. Due to its greater global spread and damage to edible date industries in the Middle East, R. ferrugineus
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Toward an Integrated Understanding of the Lepidoptera Microbiome Annu. Rev. Entomol. (IF 23.8) Pub Date : 2024-01-25 Yongqi Shao, Charles J. Mason, Gary W. Felton
Research over the past 30 years has led to a widespread acceptance that insects establish widespread and diverse associations with microorganisms. More recently, microbiome research has been accelerating in lepidopteran systems, leading to a greater understanding of both endosymbiont and gut microorganisms and how they contribute to integral aspects of the host. Lepidoptera are associated with a robust
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Host Plant Effects on Sexual Selection Dynamics in Phytophagous Insects Annu. Rev. Entomol. (IF 23.8) Pub Date : 2024-01-25 Benjamin J.M. Jarrett, Christine W. Miller
Natural selection is notoriously dynamic in nature, and so, too, is sexual selection. The interactions between phytophagous insects and their host plants have provided valuable insights into the many ways in which ecological factors can influence sexual selection. In this review, we highlight recent discoveries and provide guidance for future work in this area. Importantly, host plants can affect both
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Pesticide Exposure and Effects on Non-Apis Bees Annu. Rev. Entomol. (IF 23.8) Pub Date : 2023-10-12 Nigel E. Raine, Maj Rundlöf
Bees are essential pollinators of many crops and wild plants, and pesticide exposure is one of the key environmental stressors affecting their health in anthropogenically modified landscapes. Until recently, almost all information on routes and impacts of pesticide exposure came from honey bees, at least partially because they were the only model species required for environmental risk assessments
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Whitefly–Plant Interactions: An Integrated Molecular Perspective Annu. Rev. Entomol. (IF 23.8) Pub Date : 2023-10-10 Shai Morin, Peter W. Atkinson, Linda L. Walling
The rapid advances in available transcriptomic and genomic data and our understanding of the physiology and biochemistry of whitefly–plant interactions have allowed us to gain new and significant insights into the biology of whiteflies and their successful adaptation to host plants. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of the mechanisms that whiteflies have evolved to overcome the challenges
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Adaptation and Survival of Marine-Associated Spiders (Araneae) Annu. Rev. Entomol. (IF 23.8) Pub Date : 2023-10-03 Marlene A. Leggett, Cor J. Vink, Ximena J. Nelson
Aquatic environments are an unusual habitat for most arthropods. Nevertheless, many arthropod species that were once terrestrial dwelling have transitioned back to marine and freshwater environments, either as semiaquatic or, more rarely, as fully aquatic inhabitants. Transition to water from land is exceptional, and without respiratory modifications to allow for extended submergence and the associated
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Dietary and Therapeutic Benefits of Edible Insects: A Global Perspective Annu. Rev. Entomol. (IF 23.8) Pub Date : 2023-09-27 Chrysantus Mbi Tanga, Sunday Ekesi
Edible insects are gaining traction worldwide for research and development. This review synthesizes a large and well-established body of research literature on the high nutritional value and variety of pharmacological properties of edible insects. Positive benefits of insect-derived products include immune enhancement; gastrointestinal protection; antitumor, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory capacities;
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Mechanisms of Systemic Osmoregulation in Insects Annu. Rev. Entomol. (IF 23.8) Pub Date : 2023-09-27 Kenneth Veland Halberg, Barry Denholm
Water is essential to life. Terrestrial insects lose water by evaporation from the body surface and respiratory surfaces, as well as in the excretory products, posing a challenge made more acute by their high surface-to-volume ratio. These losses must be kept to a minimum and be offset by water gained from other sources. By contrast, insects such as the blood-sucking bug Rhodnius prolixus consume up
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Pest Status, Bio-Ecology, and Area-Wide Management of Mirids in East Asia Annu. Rev. Entomol. (IF 23.8) Pub Date : 2023-09-27 Yanhui Lu, Kris A.G. Wyckhuys, Kongming Wu
Mirids (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Miridae) feed upon a wide variety of cultivated and wild plants and can be economically important crop pests. They have traditionally been perceived as innocuous herbivores in East Asia; however, population levels of various mirid species have dramatically increased over the past decades. High-profile pests such as Apolygus spp., Adelphocoris spp., and Lygus spp. are
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150 Years of Coevolution Research: Evolution and Ecology of Yucca Moths (Prodoxidae) and Their Hosts Annu. Rev. Entomol. (IF 23.8) Pub Date : 2023-09-27 Christopher Irwin Smith, James H. Leebens-Mack
Yucca moths ( Tegeticula and Parategeticula) are specialized pollinators of yucca plants, possessing unique, tentacle-like mouthparts used to actively collect pollen and deposit it onto the flowers of their hosts. The moths' larvae feed on the developing seeds and fruit tissue. First described in 1873, the yucca–yucca moth pollination system is now considered the archetypical example of a coevolved
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Fruit Flies: Challenges and Opportunities to Stem the Tide of Global Invasions Annu. Rev. Entomol. (IF 23.8) Pub Date : 2023-09-27 Nikos T. Papadopoulos, Marc De Meyer, John S. Terblanche, Darren J. Kriticos
Global trade in fresh fruit and vegetables, intensification of human mobility, and climate change facilitate fruit fly (Diptera: Tephritidae) invasions. Life-history traits, environmental stress response, dispersal stress, and novel genetic admixtures contribute to their establishment and spread. Tephritids are among the most frequently intercepted taxa at ports of entry. In some countries, supported
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The Hidden Secrets of Psylloidea: Biology, Behavior, Symbionts, and Ecology Annu. Rev. Entomol. (IF 23.8) Pub Date : 2023-09-22 Kerry E. Mauck, Marco Gebiola, Diana M. Percy
Psyllids constitute a diverse group of sap-feeding Sternorrhyncha that were relatively obscure until it was discovered that a handful of species transmit bacterial plant pathogens. Yet the superfamily Psylloidea is much richer than the sum of its crop-associated vectors, with over 4,000 described species exhibiting diverse life histories and host exploitation strategies. A growing body of research
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The Biology and Social Life of Earwigs (Dermaptera) Annu. Rev. Entomol. (IF 23.8) Pub Date : 2023-09-18 Joël Meunier
Earwigs are often known for the forceps-like appendage at the end of their abdomen, urban legends about them crawling into human ears, and their roles as pest and biological control agents. However, they are much less known for their social life. This is surprising, as many of the 1,900 species of earwigs show social behaviors toward eggs, juveniles, and adults. These behaviors typically occur during
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The Global Epidemic of Bactrocera Pests: Mixed-Species Invasions and Risk Assessment Annu. Rev. Entomol. (IF 23.8) Pub Date : 2023-09-14 Zihua Zhao, James R. Carey, Zhihong Li
Throughout the past century, the global spread of Bactrocera pests has continued to pose a significant threat to the commercial fruit and vegetable industry, resulting in substantial costs associated with both control measures and quarantine restrictions. The increasing volume of transcontinental trade has contributed to an escalating rate of Bactrocera pest introductions to new regions. To address
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Emerald Ash Borer Management and Research: Decades of Damage and Still Expanding Annu. Rev. Entomol. (IF 23.8) Pub Date : 2023-09-14 Jianghua Sun, Tuuli-Marjaana Koski, Jacob D. Wickham, Yuri N. Baranchikov, Kathryn E. Bushley
Since the discovery of the ash tree ( Fraxinus spp.) killer emerald ash borer (EAB; Agrilus planipennis) in the United States in 2002 and Moscow, Russia in 2003, substantial detection and management efforts have been applied to contain and monitor its spread and mitigate impacts. Despite these efforts, the pest continues to spread within North America. It has spread to European Russia and Ukraine and
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The Use and Prospects of Nonlethal Methods in Entomology Annu. Rev. Entomol. (IF 23.8) Pub Date : 2023-09-05 Gábor L. Lövei, Marco Ferrante
Arthropods are declining globally, and entomologists ought to be in the forefront of protecting them. However, entomological study methods are typically lethal, and we argue that this makes the ethical status of the profession precarious. Lethal methods are used in most studies, even those that aim to support arthropod conservation. Additionally, almost all collecting methods result in bycatch, and
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Chemical Ecology and Management of Dengue Vectors Annu. Rev. Entomol. (IF 23.8) Pub Date : 2023-08-25 Baldwyn Torto, David P. Tchouassi
Dengue, caused by the dengue virus, is the most widespread arboviral infectious disease of public health significance globally. This review explores the communicative function of olfactory cues that mediate host-seeking, egg-laying, plant-feeding, and mating behaviors in Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus, two mosquito vectors that drive dengue virus transmission. Aedes aegypti has adapted to live
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Biology, Ecology, and Management of the Potato Psyllid, Bactericera cockerelli (Hemiptera: Triozidae), and Zebra Chip Disease in Potato Annu. Rev. Entomol. (IF 23.8) Pub Date : 2023-08-24 Erik J. Wenninger, Arash Rashed
The potato psyllid, Bactericera cockerelli (Šulc) (Hemiptera: Triozidae), transmits the pathogen “ Candidatus liberibacter solanacearum” (Lso), the putative causal agent of zebra chip disease (ZC). ZC is a disease of potato that reduces yield and quality and has disrupted integrated pest management programs in parts of the Americas and New Zealand. Advances in our understanding of the ecological factors
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The Extraordinary Alkali Bee, Nomia melanderi (Halictidae), the World's Only Intensively Managed Ground-Nesting Bee Annu. Rev. Entomol. (IF 23.8) Pub Date : 2023-08-16 James H. Cane
Among the ground-nesting bees are several proven crop pollinators, but only the alkali bee ( Nomia melanderi) has been successfully managed. In <80 years, it has become the world's most intensely studied ground-nesting solitary bee. In many ways, the bee seems paradoxical. It nests during the torrid, parched midsummer amid arid valleys and basins of the western United States, yet it wants damp nesting
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The Emergence and Sustainability of Urban Entomology Annu. Rev. Entomol. (IF 23.8) Pub Date : 2023-08-10 Michael K. Rust, Chow-Yang Lee, Gary W. Bennett, William H. Robinson
Urban entomology is the study of arthropod and other pests of the urban environment. It has gained worldwide recognition as a distinct discipline. Its origin is associated with Walter Ebeling's publication Urban Entomology in 1975. Urbanization, invasive pests, increased demand for pest management services, and changes in legislation collided in the 1970s to create a need for research and extension
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Pest Elaterids of North America: New Insights and Opportunities for Management Annu. Rev. Entomol. (IF 23.8) Pub Date : 2023-08-10 Arash Rashed, Willem G. van Herk
The larval stages of click beetle (Coleoptera: Elateridae) species, several of which are serious agricultural pests, are called wireworms. Their cryptic subterranean habitat, resilience, among-species differences in ecology and biology, and broad host range, as well as the lack of objective economic injury thresholds, have rendered wireworms a challenging pest complex to control. Significant progress
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The Evolutionary Importance of Intraspecific Variation in Sexual Communication Across Sensory Modalities Annu. Rev. Entomol. (IF 23.8) Pub Date : 2023-08-10 Astrid T. Groot, Thomas Blankers, Wouter Halfwerk, Emily Burdfield Steel
The evolution of sexual communication is critically important in the diversity of arthropods, which are declining at a fast pace worldwide. Their environments are rapidly changing, with increasing chemical, acoustic, and light pollution. To predict how arthropod species will respond to changing climates, habitats, and communities, we need to understand how sexual communication systems can evolve. In
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The Mechanisms of Silkworm Resistance to the Baculovirus and Antiviral Breeding Annu. Rev. Entomol. (IF 23.8) Pub Date : 2023-01-23 Zhaoyang Hu, Feifei Zhu, Keping Chen
Silkworm ( Bombyx mori) is not only an economic insect but also a model organism for life science research. Bombyx mori nucleopolyhedrovirus (BmNPV) disease is a major infectious disease in the world's sericulture industry. The cocoon loss caused by this disease accounts for more than 60% of the total loss caused by all silkworm diseases. To date, there has been no effective solution for preventing
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Diversity, Form, and Postembryonic Development of Paleozoic Insects Annu. Rev. Entomol. (IF 23.8) Pub Date : 2023-01-23 Jakub Prokop, André Nel, Michael S. Engel
While Mesozoic, Paleogene, and Neogene insect faunas greatly resemble the modern one, the Paleozoic fauna provides unique insights into key innovations in insect evolution, such as the origin of wings and modifications of postembryonic development including holometaboly. Deep-divergence estimates suggest that the majority of contemporary insect orders originated in the Late Paleozoic, but these estimates
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Arthropod and Pathogen Damage on Fossil and Modern Plants: Exploring the Origins and Evolution of Herbivory on Land Annu. Rev. Entomol. (IF 23.8) Pub Date : 2023-01-23 Conrad C. Labandeira, Torsten Wappler
The use of the functional feeding group–damage type system for analyzing arthropod and pathogen interactions with plants has transformed our understanding of herbivory in fossil plant assemblages by providing data, analyses, and interpretation of the local, regional, and global patterns of a 420-Myr history. The early fossil record can be used to answer major questions about the oldest evidence for
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Dehydration Dynamics in Terrestrial Arthropods: From Water Sensing to Trophic Interactions Annu. Rev. Entomol. (IF 23.8) Pub Date : 2022-10-21 Joshua B. Benoit, Kevin E. McCluney, Matthew J. DeGennaro, Julian A.T. Dow
Since the transition from water to land, maintaining water balance has been a key challenge for terrestrial arthropods. We explore factors that allow terrestrial arthropods to survive within a variably dry world and how they shape ecological interactions. Detection of water and hydration is critical for maintaining water content. Efficient regulation of internal water content is accomplished by excretory
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Adaptive Plasticity of Insect Eggs in Response to Environmental Challenges Annu. Rev. Entomol. (IF 23.8) Pub Date : 2022-10-21 Monika Hilker, Hassan Salem, Nina E. Fatouros
Insect eggs are exposed to a plethora of abiotic and biotic threats. Their survival depends on both an innate developmental program and genetically determined protective traits provided by the parents. In addition, there is increasing evidence that ( a) parents adjust the egg phenotype to the actual needs, ( b) eggs themselves respond to environmental challenges, and ( c) egg-associated microbes actively
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Molecular Mechanisms Underlying Host Plant Specificity in Aphids Annu. Rev. Entomol. (IF 23.8) Pub Date : 2022-10-13 Po-Yuan Shih, Akiko Sugio, Jean-Christophe Simon
Aphids are serious pests of agricultural and ornamental plants and important model systems for hemipteran–plant interactions. The long evolutionary history of aphids with their host plants has resulted in a variety of systems that provide insight into the different adaptation strategies of aphids to plants and vice versa. In the past, various plant–aphid interactions have been documented, but lack
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Biology and Management of the Spotted Lanternfly, Lycorma delicatula (Hemiptera: Fulgoridae), in the United States Annu. Rev. Entomol. (IF 23.8) Pub Date : 2022-10-07 Julie M. Urban, Heather Leach
Spotted lanternfly, Lycorma delicatula (White), invaded the eastern United States in 2014 and has since caused economic and ecological disruption. In particular, spotted lanternfly has shown itself to be a significant pest of vineyards and ornamental plants and is likely to continue to spread to new areas. Factors that have contributed to its success as an invader include its wide host range and high
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Molecular Mechanisms of Winter Survival Annu. Rev. Entomol. (IF 23.8) Pub Date : 2022-10-07 Nicholas M. Teets, Katie E. Marshall, Julie A. Reynolds
Winter provides many challenges for insects, including direct injury to tissues and energy drain due to low food availability. As a result, the geographic distribution of many species is tightly coupled to their ability to survive winter. In this review, we summarize molecular processes associated with winter survival, with a particular focus on coping with cold injury and energetic challenges. Anticipatory
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The Resilience of Plant–Pollinator Networks Annu. Rev. Entomol. (IF 23.8) Pub Date : 2022-10-07 Jordi Bascompte, Marten Scheffer
There is growing awareness of pollinator declines worldwide. Conservation efforts have mainly focused on finding the direct causes, while paying less attention to building a systemic understanding of the fragility of these communities of pollinators. To fill this gap, we need operational measures of network resilience that integrate two different approaches in theoretical ecology. First, we should
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Stingless Bee (Apidae: Apinae: Meliponini) Ecology Annu. Rev. Entomol. (IF 23.8) Pub Date : 2022-10-06 David W. Roubik
Stingless bees form perennial colonies of honey-making insects. The >600 species of stingless bees, mainly Neotropical, live throughout tropical latitudes. Foragers influence floral biology, plant reproduction, microbe dispersal, and diverse ecosystem functions. As tropical forest residents since the upper Cretaceous, they have had a long evolutionary history without competition from honey bees. Most
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Spodoptera frugiperda: Ecology, Evolution, and Management Options of an Invasive Species Annu. Rev. Entomol. (IF 23.8) Pub Date : 2022-10-06 Wee Tek Tay, Robert L. Meagher, Cecilia Czepak, Astrid T. Groot
The fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae), is a well-known agricultural pest in its native range, North and South America, and has become a major invasive pest around the globe in the past decade. In this review, we provide an overview to update what is known about S. frugiperda in its native geographic ranges. This is followed by discussion of studies from the invaded
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Functional Diversity of Vibrational Signaling Systems in Insects Annu. Rev. Entomol. (IF 23.8) Pub Date : 2022-10-06 Meta Virant-Doberlet, Nataša Stritih-Peljhan, Alenka Žunič-Kosi, Jernej Polajnar
Communication by substrate-borne mechanical waves is widespread in insects. The specifics of vibrational communication are related to heterogeneous natural substrates that strongly influence signal transmission. Insects generate vibrational signals primarily by tremulation, drumming, stridulation, and tymbalation, most commonly during sexual behavior but also in agonistic, social, and mutualistic as
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Historical and Contemporary Control Options Against Bed Bugs,Cimexspp. Annu. Rev. Entomol. (IF 23.8) Pub Date : 2022-10-06 Stephen L. Doggett, Chow-Yang Lee
Bed bugs (Hemiptera: Cimicidae) are an important group of obligate hematophagous urban insect pests. The global resurgence of bed bugs, involving the common bed bug, Cimex lectularius L., and the tropical bed bug, Cimex hemipterus (F.), over the past two decades is believed to be primarily due to the development of insecticide resistance, along with global travel and poor pest management, which have
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Postcopulatory Behavior of Tephritid Flies Annu. Rev. Entomol. (IF 23.8) Pub Date : 2022-10-06 Diana Pérez-Staples, Solana Abraham
Mating produces profound changes in the behavior of female flies, such as an increase in oviposition, reduction in sexual receptivity, increase in feeding, and even excretion. Many of these changes are produced by copulation, sperm, and accessory gland products that males transfer to females during mating. Our knowledge on the function of the male ejaculate and its effect on female insects is still
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The Biology and Ecology of Parasitoid Wasps of Predatory Arthropods Annu. Rev. Entomol. (IF 23.8) Pub Date : 2022-10-06 Minghui Fei, Rieta Gols, Jeffrey A. Harvey
Parasitoid wasps are important components of insect food chains and have played a central role in biological control programs for over a century. Although the vast majority of parasitoids exploit insect herbivores as hosts, others parasitize predatory insects and arthropods, such as ladybird beetles, hoverflies, lacewings, ground beetles, and spiders, or are hyperparasitoids. Much of the research on
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Early Monitoring of Forest Wood-Boring Pests with Remote Sensing Annu. Rev. Entomol. (IF 23.8) Pub Date : 2022-10-06 Youqing Luo, Huaguo Huang, Alain Roques
Wood-boring pests (WBPs) pose an enormous threat to global forest ecosystems because their early stage infestations show no visible symptoms and can result in rapid and widespread infestations at later stages, leading to large-scale tree death. Therefore, early-stage WBP detection is crucial for prompt management response. Early detection of WBPs requires advanced and effective methods like remote
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Forest Insect Biosecurity: Processes, Patterns, Predictions, Pitfalls Annu. Rev. Entomol. (IF 23.8) Pub Date : 2022-10-06 Helen F. Nahrung, Andrew M. Liebhold, Eckehard G. Brockerhoff, Davide Rassati
The economic and environmental threats posed by non-native forest insects are ever increasing with the continuing globalization of trade and travel; thus, the need for mitigation through effective biosecurity is greater than ever. However, despite decades of research and implementation of preborder, border, and postborder preventative measures, insect invasions continue to occur, with no evidence of
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Diapause in Univoltine and Semivoltine Life Cycles Annu. Rev. Entomol. (IF 23.8) Pub Date : 2022-10-06 Hideharu Numata, Yoshinori Shintani
Although it is generally more adaptive for insects to produce additional generations than to have longer life cycles, some insects produce one or fewer generations per year (univoltine or semivoltine life cycles, respectively). Some insects with the potential to produce multiple generations per year produce a univoltine life cycle in response to environmental conditions. Obligatory univoltine insects
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Management of Insect Pests with Bt Crops in the United States Annu. Rev. Entomol. (IF 23.8) Pub Date : 2022-09-28 Aaron J. Gassmann, Dominic D. Reisig
Genetically engineered corn and cotton that produce insecticidal toxins derived from the bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) have been used to manage insect pests in the United States and elsewhere. In some cases, this has led to regional suppression of pest populations and pest eradication within the United States, and these outcomes were associated with reductions in conventional insecticides and
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Phoresy and Mites: More Than Just a Free Ride Annu. Rev. Entomol. (IF 23.8) Pub Date : 2022-09-28 Owen D. Seeman, David Evans Walter
Mites are masters at attaching to larger animals, often insects, in a temporary symbiosis called phoresy that allows these tiny animals to exploit patchy resources. In this article, we examine phoresy in the Acari, including those that feed on their carriers in transit, from a broad perspective. From a phylogenetic perspective, phoresy has evolved several times from free-living ancestors but also has
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Iron Homeostasis in Insects Annu. Rev. Entomol. (IF 23.8) Pub Date : 2022-09-28 Maureen J. Gorman
Iron is an essential micronutrient for all types of organisms; however, iron has chemical properties that can be harmful to cells. Because iron is both necessary and potentially damaging, insects have homeostatic processes that control the redox state, quantity, and location of iron in the body. These processes include uptake of iron from the diet, intracellular and extracellular iron transport, and
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Chemical Ecology of Floral Resources in Conservation Biological Control Annu. Rev. Entomol. (IF 23.8) Pub Date : 2022-09-21 Stefano Colazza, Ezio Peri, Antonino Cusumano
Conservation biological control aims to enhance populations of natural enemies of insect pests in crop habitats, typically by intentional provision of flowering plants as food resources. Ideally, these flowering plants should be inherently attractive to natural enemies to ensure that they are frequently visited. We review the chemical ecology of floral resources in a conservation biological control
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Complex and Beautiful: Unraveling the Intricate Communication Systems Among Plants and Insects Annu. Rev. Entomol. (IF 23.8) Pub Date : 2022-07-14 James H. Tumlinson
My research focuses on elucidating the chemical communication systems linking plants, herbivores, and natural enemies. My interests in integrating chemistry and agriculture led to my graduate studies in the emerging field of chemical ecology. My thesis research resulted in the identification, synthesis, and application of boll weevil sex pheromones. My research group subsequently developed chemical
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Advances in the Evolution and Ecology of 13- and 17-Year Periodical Cicadas Annu. Rev. Entomol. (IF 23.8) Pub Date : 2022-01-07 Chris Simon, John R. Cooley, Richard Karban, Teiji Sota
Apart from model organisms, 13- and 17-year periodical cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae: Magicicada) are among the most studied insects in evolution and ecology. They are attractive subjects because they predictably emerge in large numbers; have a complex biogeography shaped by both spatial and temporal isolation; and include three largely sympatric, parallel species groups that are, in a sense, evolutionary
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The Role of Community Science in Entomology Annu. Rev. Entomol. (IF 23.8) Pub Date : 2022-01-07 Mary M. Gardiner, Helen E. Roy
Community (or citizen) science, the involvement of volunteers in scientific endeavors, has a long history. Over the past few centuries, the contributions of volunteers to our understanding of patterns and processes in entomology have been inspiring. From the collation of large-scale and long-term data sets, which have been instrumental in underpinning our knowledge of the status and trends of many
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On the Biological Diversity of Ant Alkaloids Annu. Rev. Entomol. (IF 23.8) Pub Date : 2022-01-07 Eduardo Gonçalves Paterson Fox, Rachelle M.M. Adams
Ants have outstanding capacity to mediate inter- and intraspecific interactions by producing structurally diverse metabolites from numerous secretory glands. Since Murray Blum's pioneering studies dating from the 1950s, there has been a growing interest in arthropod toxins as natural products. Over a dozen different alkaloid classes have been reported from approximately 40 ant genera in five subfamilies
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Tribolium castaneum: A Model Insect for Fundamental and Applied Research Annu. Rev. Entomol. (IF 23.8) Pub Date : 2022-01-07 James F. Campbell, Christos G. Athanassiou, David W. Hagstrum, Kun Yan Zhu
Tribolium castaneum has a long history as a model species in many distinct subject areas, but improved connections among the genetics, genomics, behavioral, ecological, and pest management fields are needed to fully realize this species’ potential as a model. Tribolium castaneum was the first beetle whose genome was sequenced, and a new genome assembly and enhanced annotation, combined with readily
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Defensive Symbionts and the Evolution of Parasitoid Host Specialization Annu. Rev. Entomol. (IF 23.8) Pub Date : 2022-01-07 Christoph Vorburger
Insect host–parasitoid interactions abound in nature and are characterized by a high degree of host specialization. In addition to their behavioral and immune defenses, many host species rely on heritable bacterial endosymbionts for defense against parasitoids. Studies on aphids and flies show that resistance conferred by symbionts can be very strong and highly specific, possibly as a result of variation
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Extrinsic Inter- and Intraspecific Competition in Parasitoid Wasps Annu. Rev. Entomol. (IF 23.8) Pub Date : 2022-01-07 Paul J. Ode, Dhaval K. Vyas, Jeffrey A. Harvey
The diverse ecology of parasitoids is shaped by extrinsic competition, i.e., exploitative or interference competition among adult females and males for hosts and mates. Adult females use an array of morphological, chemical, and behavioral mechanisms to engage in competition that may be either intra- or interspecific. Weaker competitors are often excluded or, if they persist, use alternate host habitats
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Wax, Wings, and Swarms: Insects and Their Products as Art Media Annu. Rev. Entomol. (IF 23.8) Pub Date : 2022-01-07 Barrett Anthony Klein
Every facet of human culture is in some way affected by our abundant, diverse insect neighbors. Our relationship with insects has been on display throughout the history of art, sometimes explicitly but frequently in inconspicuous ways. This is because artists can depict insects overtly, but they can also allude to insects conceptually or use insect products in a purely utilitarian manner. Insects themselves
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Bottom-Up Forces in Agroecosystems and Their Potential Impact on Arthropod Pest Management Annu. Rev. Entomol. (IF 23.8) Pub Date : 2022-01-07 Peng Han, Anne-Violette Lavoir, Cesar Rodriguez-Saona, Nicolas Desneux
Bottom-up effects are major ecological forces in crop–arthropod pest–natural enemy multitrophic interactions. Over the past two decades, bottom-up effects have been considered key levers for optimizing integrated pest management (IPM). Irrigation, fertilization, crop resistance, habitat manipulation, organic management practices, and landscape characteristics have all been shown to trigger marked bottom-up
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Beetle–Bacterial Symbioses: Endless Forms Most Functional Annu. Rev. Entomol. (IF 23.8) Pub Date : 2022-01-07 Hassan Salem, Martin Kaltenpoth
Beetles are hosts to a remarkable diversity of bacterial symbionts. In this article, we review the role of these partnerships in promoting beetle fitness following a surge of recent studies characterizing symbiont localization and function across the Coleoptera. Symbiont contributions range from the supplementation of essential nutrients and digestive or detoxifying enzymes to the production of bioactive
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Impact of Stand and Landscape Management on Forest Pest Damage Annu. Rev. Entomol. (IF 23.8) Pub Date : 2022-01-07 Lorenzo Marini, Matthew P. Ayres, Hervé Jactel
One promising approach to mitigate the negative impacts of insect pests in forests is to adapt forestry practices to create ecosystems that are more resistant and resilient to biotic disturbances. At the stand scale, local stand management practices often cause idiosyncratic effects on forest pests depending on the environmental context and the focal pest species. However, increasing tree diversity