-
Nutrition in the Age of Precision and Systems Biology. Annu. Rev. Nutr. (IF 8.9) Pub Date : 2023-08-21 Rudi Balling,Patrick J Stover
-
Causes and Clinical Sequelae of Riboflavin Deficiency Annu. Rev. Nutr. (IF 8.9) Pub Date : 2023-08-21 Helene McNulty, Kristina Pentieva, Mary Ward
Riboflavin, in its cofactor forms flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) and flavin mononucleotide (FMN), plays fundamental roles in energy metabolism, cellular antioxidant potential, and metabolic interactions with other micronutrients, including iron, vitamin B6, and folate. Severe riboflavin deficiency, largely confined to low-income countries, clinically manifests as cheilosis, angular stomatitis, glossitis
-
Gluconeogenesis Flux in Metabolic Disease Annu. Rev. Nutr. (IF 8.9) Pub Date : 2023-08-21 Ankit Shah, Fredric E. Wondisford
Gluconeogenesis is a critical biosynthetic process that helps maintain whole-body glucose homeostasis and becomes altered in certain medical diseases. We review gluconeogenic flux in various medical diseases, including common metabolic disorders, hormonal imbalances, specific inborn genetic errors, and cancer. We discuss how the altered gluconeogenic activity contributes to disease pathogenesis using
-
Current Knowledge About the Impact of Maternal and Infant Nutrition on the Development of the Microbiota–Gut–Brain Axis Annu. Rev. Nutr. (IF 8.9) Pub Date : 2023-08-21 Tomás Cerdó, Ana Nieto-Ruíz, José Antonio García-Santos, Anna Rodríguez-Pöhnlein, María García-Ricobaraza, Antonio Suárez, Mercedes G. Bermúdez, Cristina Campoy
The prenatal and early postnatal periods are stages during which dynamic changes and the development of the brain and gut microbiota occur, and nutrition is one of the most important modifiable factors that influences this process. Given the bidirectional cross talk between the gut microbiota and the brain through the microbiota–gut–brain axis (MGBA), there is growing interest in evaluating the potential
-
The Placenta: A Maternofetal Interface Annu. Rev. Nutr. (IF 8.9) Pub Date : 2023-08-21 Kimberly O'Brien, Yiqin Wang
The placenta is the gatekeeper between the mother and the fetus. Over the first trimester of pregnancy, the fetus is nourished by uterine gland secretions in a process known as histiotrophic nutrition. During the second trimester of pregnancy, placentation has evolved to the point at which nutrients are delivered to the placenta via maternal blood (hemotrophic nutrition). Over gestation, the placenta
-
Precision Nutrition: The Hype Is Exceeding the Science and Evidentiary Standards Needed to Inform Public Health Recommendations for Prevention of Chronic Disease Annu. Rev. Nutr. (IF 8.9) Pub Date : 2023-08-21 Regan L. Bailey, Patrick J. Stover
As dietary guidance for populations shifts from preventing deficiency disorders to chronic disease risk reduction, the biology supporting such guidance becomes more complex due to the multifactorial risk profile of disease and inherent population heterogeneity in the diet–disease relationship. Diet is a primary driver of chronic disease risk, and population-based guidance should account for individual
-
Osteocalcin: A Multifaceted Bone-Derived Hormone Annu. Rev. Nutr. (IF 8.9) Pub Date : 2023-08-21 Gerard Karsenty
Together, loss- and gain-of-function experiments have identified the bone-derived secreted molecule osteocalcin as a hormone with a broad reach in rodents and primates. Following its binding to one of three receptors, osteocalcin exerts a profound influence on various aspects of energy metabolism as well as steroidogenesis, neurotransmitter biosynthesis and thereby male fertility, electrolyte homeostasis
-
Role of Diet–Microbiome Interaction in Gastrointestinal Disorders and Strategies to Modulate Them with Microbiome-Targeted Therapies Annu. Rev. Nutr. (IF 8.9) Pub Date : 2023-06-29 Ajita Jadhav, Aditya Bajaj, Yang Xiao, Manasvini Markandey, Vineet Ahuja, Purna C. Kashyap
Diet is an important determinant of health and consequently is often implicated in the development of disease, particularly gastrointestinal (GI) diseases, given the high prevalence of meal-related symptoms. The mechanisms underlying diet-driven pathophysiology are not well understood, but recent studies suggest that gut microbiota may mediate the effect of diet on GI physiology. In this review, we
-
Sources and Sinks of Serine in Nutrition, Health, and Disease Annu. Rev. Nutr. (IF 8.9) Pub Date : 2023-06-12 Michal K. Handzlik, Christian M. Metallo
Amino acid dysregulation has emerged as an important driver of disease progression in various contexts. l-Serine lies at a central node of metabolism, linking carbohydrate metabolism, transamination, glycine, and folate-mediated one-carbon metabolism to protein synthesis and various downstream bioenergetic and biosynthetic pathways. l-Serine is produced locally in the brain but is sourced predominantly
-
Intestinal Amino Acid Transport and Metabolic Health Annu. Rev. Nutr. (IF 8.9) Pub Date : 2023-06-07 Stefan Bröer
Amino acids derived from protein digestion are important nutrients for the growth and maintenance of organisms. Approximately half of the 20 proteinogenic amino acids can be synthesized by mammalian organisms, while the other half are essential and must be acquired from the nutrition. Absorption of amino acids is mediated by a set of amino acid transporters together with transport of di- and tripeptides
-
A Conversation with James Ntambi Annu. Rev. Nutr. (IF 8.9) Pub Date : 2023-05-31 James M. Ntambi, Patrick J. Stover
An interview with James M. Ntambi, professor of biochemistry and the Katherine Berns Van Donk Steenbock Professor in Nutrition, College of Agricultural and Life Sciences, at the University of Wisconsin–Madison, took place via Zoom in April 2022. He was interviewed by Patrick J. Stover, director of the Institute for Advancing Health through Agriculture and professor of nutrition and biochemistry and
-
Assessing and Monitoring Nutrition Security to Promote Healthy Dietary Intake and Outcomes in the United States Annu. Rev. Nutr. (IF 8.9) Pub Date : 2023-05-31 Hilary K. Seligman, Ronli Levi, Victoria O. Adebiyi, Alisha Coleman-Jensen, Joanne F. Guthrie, Edward A. Frongillo
The US Department of Agriculture's Economic Research Service leads the federal government in data development and research on food security in US households. Nutrition security is an emerging concept that, although closely related, is distinct from food security. No standard conceptualization or measure of nutrition security currently exists. We review the existing research on nutrition security and
-
Iron Homeostasis During Pregnancy: Maternal, Placental, and Fetal Regulatory Mechanisms Annu. Rev. Nutr. (IF 8.9) Pub Date : 2023-05-31 Veena Sangkhae, Allison L. Fisher, Tomas Ganz, Elizabeta Nemeth
Pregnancy entails a large negative balance of iron, an essential micronutrient. During pregnancy, iron requirements increase substantially to support both maternal red blood cell expansion and the development of the placenta and fetus. As insufficient iron has long been linked to adverse pregnancy outcomes, universal iron supplementation is common practice before and during pregnancy. However, in high-resource
-
The Multifunctional Family of Mammalian Fatty Acid–Binding Proteins Annu. Rev. Nutr. (IF 8.9) Pub Date : 2023-05-19 Judith Storch, Betina Corsico
Fatty acid–binding proteins (FABPs) are small lipid-binding proteins abundantly expressed in tissues that are highly active in fatty acid (FA) metabolism. Ten mammalian FABPs have been identified, with tissue-specific expression patterns and highly conserved tertiary structures. FABPs were initially studied as intracellular FA transport proteins. Further investigation has demonstrated their participation
-
Malnourished Microbes: Host–Microbiome Interactions in Child Undernutrition Annu. Rev. Nutr. (IF 8.9) Pub Date : 2023-05-19 Helen J. Jones, Claire D. Bourke, Jonathan R. Swann, Ruairi C. Robertson
Childhood undernutrition is a major global health burden that is only partially resolved by nutritional interventions. Both chronic and acute forms of child undernutrition are characterized by derangements in multiple biological systems including metabolism, immunity, and endocrine systems. A growing body of evidence supports a role of the gut microbiome in mediating these pathways influencing early
-
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Omega-3 Fatty Acids: Mechanisms and Clinical Use Annu. Rev. Nutr. (IF 8.9) Pub Date : 2023-05-19 Melinda H. Spooner, Donald B. Jump
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common chronic fatty liver disease worldwide, particularly in obese and type 2 diabetic individuals. Currently, there are no therapies for NAFLD that have been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration. Herein, we examine the rationale for using ω3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in NAFLD therapy. This focus is based on the finding that
-
The Role of Artificial Intelligence in Deciphering Diet–Disease Relationships: Case Studies Annu. Rev. Nutr. (IF 8.9) Pub Date : 2023-05-19 Yotam Cohen, Rafael Valdés-Mas, Eran Elinav
Modernization of society from a rural, hunter-gatherer setting into an urban and industrial habitat, with the associated dietary changes, has led to an increased prevalence of cardiometabolic and additional noncommunicable diseases, such as cancer, inflammatory bowel disease, and neurodegenerative and autoimmune disorders. However, while dietary sciences have been rapidly evolving to meet these challenges
-
Major Gaps in Understanding Dietary Supplement Use in Health and Disease Annu. Rev. Nutr. (IF 8.9) Pub Date : 2023-05-17 Regan L. Bailey, Shinyoung Jun, Alexandra E. Cowan, Heather A. Eicher-Miller, Jaime J. Gahche, Johanna T. Dwyer, Terryl J. Hartman, Diane C. Mitchell, Rebecca A. Seguin-Fowler, Raymond J. Carroll, Janet A. Tooze
Precise dietary assessment is critical for accurate exposure classification in nutritional research, typically aimed at understanding how diet relates to health. Dietary supplement (DS) use is widespread and represents a considerable source of nutrients. However, few studies have compared the best methods to measure DSs. Our literature review on the relative validity and reproducibility of DS instruments
-
Dietary Fructose and Fructose-Induced Pathologies Annu. Rev. Nutr. (IF 8.9) Pub Date : 2022-08-22 Sunhee Jung, Hosung Bae, Won-Suk Song, Cholsoon Jang
The consumption of fructose as sugar and high-fructose corn syrup has markedly increased during the past several decades. This trend coincides with the exponential rise of metabolic diseases, including obesity, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, cardiovascular disease, and diabetes. While the biochemical pathways of fructose metabolism were elucidated in the early 1990s, organismal-level fructose metabolism
-
Obesity Dysregulates the Immune Response to Influenza Infection and Vaccination Through Metabolic and Inflammatory Mechanisms Annu. Rev. Nutr. (IF 8.9) Pub Date : 2022-08-22 Saame Raza Shaikh, Nancie J. MacIver, Melinda A. Beck
The COVID-19 pandemic demonstrates that obesity alone, independent of comorbidities, is a significant risk factor for severe outcomes from infection. This susceptibility mirrors a similar pattern with influenza infection; that is, obesity is a unique risk factor for increased morbidity and mortality. Therefore, it is critical to understand how obesity contributes to a reduced ability to respond to
-
National Food Intake Assessment: Technologies to Advance Traditional Methods Annu. Rev. Nutr. (IF 8.9) Pub Date : 2022-08-22 Alanna J. Moshfegh, Donna G. Rhodes, Carrie L. Martin
National dietary surveillance produces dietary intake data used for various purposes including development and evaluation of national policies in food and nutrition. Since 2000, What We Eat in America, the dietary component of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, has collected dietary data and reported on the dietary intake of the US population. Continual innovations are required to
-
Folic Acid and the Prevention of Birth Defects: 30 Years of Opportunity and Controversies Annu. Rev. Nutr. (IF 8.9) Pub Date : 2022-08-22 Krista S. Crider, Yan Ping Qi, Lorraine F. Yeung, Cara T. Mai, Lauren Head Zauche, Arick Wang, Kelicia Daniels, Jennifer L. Williams
For three decades, the US Public Health Service has recommended that all persons capable of becoming pregnant consume 400 μg/day of folic acid (FA) to prevent neural tube defects (NTDs). The neural tube forms by 28 days after conception. Fortification can be an effective NTD prevention strategy in populations with limited access to folic acid foods and/or supplements. This review describes the status
-
Babies, Bugs, and Barriers: Dietary Modulation of Intestinal Barrier Function in Early Life Annu. Rev. Nutr. (IF 8.9) Pub Date : 2022-06-13 Jerry M. Wells, Yifan Gao, Nanda de Groot, Marlotte M. Vonk, Laurien Ulfman, R.J. Joost van Neerven
The intestinal barrier is essential in early life to prevent infection, inflammation, and food allergies. It consists of microbiota, a mucus layer, an epithelial layer, and the immune system. Microbial metabolites, the mucus, antimicrobial peptides, and secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) protect the intestinal mucosa against infection. The complex interplay between these functionalities of the intestinal
-
Dietary Selenium Across Species Annu. Rev. Nutr. (IF 8.9) Pub Date : 2022-06-09 Xin Gen Lei, Gerald F. Combs, Roger A. Sunde, Joel S. Caton, John D. Arthington, Marko Z. Vatamaniuk
This review traces the discoveries that led to the recognition of selenium (Se) as an essential nutrient and discusses Se-responsive diseases in animals and humans in the context of current understanding of the molecular mechanisms of their pathogeneses. The article includes a comprehensive analysis of dietary sources, nutritional utilization, metabolic functions, and dietary requirements of Se across
-
The Importance of Food Processing and Eating Behavior in Promoting Healthy and Sustainable Diets Annu. Rev. Nutr. (IF 8.9) Pub Date : 2022-06-07 Ciarán G. Forde, Eric A. Decker
Numerous association studies and findings from a controlled feeding trial have led to the suggestion that “processed” foods are bad for health. Processing technologies and food formulation are essential for food preservation and provide access to safe, nutritious, affordable, appealing and sustainable foods for millions globally. However, food processing at any level can also cause negative health
-
Nutritional and Metabolic Control of Ferroptosis Annu. Rev. Nutr. (IF 8.9) Pub Date : 2022-06-02 Eikan Mishima, Marcus Conrad
Ferroptosis is a type of regulated cell death characterized by an excessive lipid peroxidation of cellular membranes caused by the disruption of the antioxidant defense system and/or an imbalanced cellular metabolism. Ferroptosis differentiates from other forms of regulated cell death in that several metabolic pathways and nutritional aspects, including endogenous antioxidants (such as coenzyme Q10
-
Glucose-Dependent Insulinotropic Polypeptide—A Postprandial Hormone with Unharnessed Metabolic Potential Annu. Rev. Nutr. (IF 8.9) Pub Date : 2022-05-25 Nunzio Guccio, Fiona M. Gribble, Frank Reimann
Glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) is released from the upper small intestine in response to food intake and contributes to the postprandial control of nutrient disposition, including of sugars and fats. Long neglected as a potential therapeutic target, the GIPR axis has received increasing interest recently, with the emerging data demonstrating the metabolically favorable outcomes
-
The Origins, Evolution, and Future of Dietary Methionine Restriction Annu. Rev. Nutr. (IF 8.9) Pub Date : 2022-05-19 Han Fang, Kirsten P. Stone, Desiree Wanders, Laura A. Forney, Thomas W. Gettys
The original description of dietary methionine restriction (MR) used semipurified diets to limit methionine intake to 20% of normal levels, and this reduction in dietary methionine increased longevity by ∼30% in rats. The MR diet also produces paradoxical increases in energy intake and expenditure and limits fat deposition while reducing tissue and circulating lipids and enhancing overall insulin sensitivity
-
Reprogramming of Hepatic Metabolism and Microenvironment in Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis Annu. Rev. Nutr. (IF 8.9) Pub Date : 2022-05-19 Liangyou Rui, Jiandie D. Lin
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), a spectrum of metabolic liver disease associated with obesity, ranges from relatively benign hepatic steatosis to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). The latter is characterized by persistent liver injury, inflammation, and liver fibrosis, which collectively increase the risk for end-stage liver diseases such as cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Recent
-
The Lard Works in Mysterious Ways: Ceramides in Nutrition-Linked Chronic Disease Annu. Rev. Nutr. (IF 8.9) Pub Date : 2022-05-19 Rebekah J. Nicholson, Marie K. Norris, Annelise M. Poss, William L. Holland, Scott A. Summers
Diet influences onset, progression, and severity of several chronic diseases, including heart failure, diabetes, steatohepatitis, and a subset of cancers. The prevalence and clinical burden of these obesity-linked diseases has risen over the past two decades. These metabolic disorders are driven by ectopic lipid deposition in tissues not suited for fat storage, leading to lipotoxic disruption of cell
-
The Oscillating Gut Microbiome and Its Effects on Host Circadian Biology Annu. Rev. Nutr. (IF 8.9) Pub Date : 2022-05-16 Lev Litichevskiy, Christoph A. Thaiss
The microbial community colonizing the gastrointestinal tract, collectively termed the gut microbiota, is an important element of the host organism due to its impact on multiple aspects of health. The digestion of food, secretion of immunostimulatory molecules, performance of chemical reactions in the intestine, and production of metabolites by the microbiota contribute to host homeostasis and disease
-
Molecular Mechanisms of Iron and Heme Metabolism Annu. Rev. Nutr. (IF 8.9) Pub Date : 2022-05-04 Sohini Dutt, Iqbal Hamza, Thomas Benedict Bartnikas
An abundant metal in the human body, iron is essential for key biological pathways including oxygen transport, DNA metabolism, and mitochondrial function. Most iron is bound to heme but it can also be incorporated into iron-sulfur clusters or bind directly to proteins. Iron's capacity to cycle between Fe2+ and Fe3+ contributes to its biological utility but also renders it toxic in excess. Heme is an
-
Long Noncoding RNAs That Function in Nutrition: Lnc-ing Nutritional Cues to Metabolic Pathways Annu. Rev. Nutr. (IF 8.9) Pub Date : 2022-04-18 Claudia D. Lovell, Montserrat C. Anguera
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are sensitive to changing environments and play key roles in health and disease. Emerging evidence indicates that lncRNAs regulate gene expression to shape metabolic processes in response to changing nutritional cues. Here we review various lncRNAs sensitive to fasting, feeding, and high-fat diet in key metabolic tissues (liver, adipose, and muscle), highlighting regulatory
-
Sex as a Biological Variable in Nutrition Research: From Human Studies to Animal Models Annu. Rev. Nutr. (IF 8.9) Pub Date : 2022-04-13 Yilin Chen, Minhoo Kim, Sanjana Paye, Bérénice A. Benayoun
Biological sex is a fundamental source of phenotypic variability across species. Males and females have different nutritional needs and exhibit differences in nutrient digestion and utilization, leading to different health outcomes throughout life. With personalized nutrition gaining popularity in scientific research and clinical practice, it is important to understand the fundamentals of sex differences
-
Advancing Health Equity Efforts to Reduce Obesity: Changing the Course Annu. Rev. Nutr. (IF 8.9) Pub Date : 2022-04-13 Shiriki K. Kumanyika
Population-based solutions are needed to stabilize and then reverse the continued upward trends in obesity prevalence in the US population and worldwide. This review focuses on the related, urgent issue of disparities in obesity prevalence affecting US racial/ethnic minority and other socially marginalized populations. The review provides background on these disparities from a health equity perspective
-
A Female Career in Research Annu. Rev. Nutr. (IF 8.9) Pub Date : 2022-04-01 Katherine M. Flegal
After a long career at the National Center for Health Statistics, I retired and joined the Stanford Prevention Research Center as an unpaid associate. I was once described by a former US Food and Drug Administration commissioner as “one of the great epidemiologists.” The chair of the Harvard nutrition department, speaking on National Public Radio, once described my research as “rubbish.” Both may be
-
Nutritional Qualities and Enhancement of Edible Insects Annu. Rev. Nutr. (IF 8.9) Pub Date : 2021-10-11 Arnold van Huis, Birgit Rumpold, Cassandra Maya, Nanna Roos
Over the last decade, the urgency to find alternative and sustainable protein sources has prompted an exponential increase in the interest in insects as a human food source. Edible insects contribute suitable amounts of energy and protein, fatty acids, and micronutrients to the human diet. Nutritional values of insects can be manipulated to meet specific needs. Edible insects in food-insecure countries
-
The Influence of Front-of-Package Nutrition Labeling on Consumer Behavior and Product Reformulation Annu. Rev. Nutr. (IF 8.9) Pub Date : 2021-10-11 Christina A. Roberto, Shu Wen Ng, Montserrat Ganderats-Fuentes, David Hammond, Simon Barquera, Alejandra Jauregui, Lindsey Smith Taillie
Countries worldwide have implemented mandatory or voluntary front-of-package nutrition labeling systems. We provide a narrative review of (a) real-world evaluations of front-of-package nutrition labels that analyze objective sales data and (b) studies that objectively assess product reformulation in response to a front-of-package nutrition label implementation. We argue that there is sufficient scientific
-
Standardized Reference Diets for Zebrafish: Addressing Nutritional Control in Experimental Methodology Annu. Rev. Nutr. (IF 8.9) Pub Date : 2021-10-11 Stephen A. Watts, Louis R. D'Abramo
The ideal of experimental methodology in animal research is the reduction or elimination of environmental variables or consistency in their application. In lab animals, diet has been recognized as a very influential response variable. Reproducibility in research using rodents required the development of a unique diet of consistent ingredient and nutrient composition to allow for cross-comparisons of
-
Nutritional Interventions and the Gut Microbiome in Children Annu. Rev. Nutr. (IF 8.9) Pub Date : 2021-10-11 Saurabh Mehta, Samantha L. Huey, Daniel McDonald, Rob Knight, Julia L. Finkelstein
The gut microbiome plays an integral role in health and disease, and diet is a major driver of its composition, diversity, and functional capacity. Given the dynamic development of the gut microbiome in infants and children, it is critical to address two major questions: (a) Can diet modify the composition, diversity, or function of the gut microbiome, and (b) will such modification affect functional/clinical
-
Diet–Host–Microbiota Interactions Shape Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Ligand Production to Modulate Intestinal Homeostasis Annu. Rev. Nutr. (IF 8.9) Pub Date : 2021-10-11 Huajun Han, Stephen Safe, Arul Jayaraman, Robert S. Chapkin
The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is a ligand-activated basic-helix-loop-helix transcription factor that binds structurally diverse ligands and senses cues from environmental toxicants and physiologically relevant dietary/microbiota-derived ligands. The AhR is an ancient conserved protein and is widely expressed across different tissues in vertebrates and invertebrates. AhR signaling mediates a wide
-
Microbial Flavonoid Metabolism: A Cardiometabolic Disease Perspective Annu. Rev. Nutr. (IF 8.9) Pub Date : 2021-10-11 Lucas J. Osborn, Jan Claesen, J. Mark Brown
Cardiometabolic disease (CMD) is a leading cause of death worldwide and encompasses the inflammatory metabolic disorders of obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, and cardiovascular disease. Flavonoids are polyphenolic plant metabolites that are abundantly present in fruits and vegetables and have biologically relevant protective effects in a number of cardiometabolic
-
Adverse Effects of Medications on Micronutrient Status: From Evidence to Guidelines Annu. Rev. Nutr. (IF 8.9) Pub Date : 2021-10-11 Michael S. Daniels, Brian I. Park, Diane L. McKay
Recent dietary reference intake workshops focusing on nutrient requirements in chronic disease populations have called attention to the potential adverse effects of chronic medication use on micronutrient status. Although this topic is mostly ill defined in the literature, several noteworthy drug–nutrient interactions (DNIs) are of clinical and public health significance. The purpose of this narrative
-
Is Food Addictive? A Review of the Science Annu. Rev. Nutr. (IF 8.9) Pub Date : 2021-10-11 Ashley N. Gearhardt, Erica M. Schulte
As ultraprocessed foods (i.e., foods composed of mostly cheap industrial sources of dietary energy and nutrients plus additives) have become more abundant in our food supply, rates of obesity and diet-related disease have increased simultaneously. Food addiction has emerged as a phenotype of significant empirical interest within the past decade, conceptualized most commonly as a substance-based addiction
-
Effects of Evolution, Ecology, and Economy on Human Diet: Insights from Hunter-Gatherers and Other Small-Scale Societies Annu. Rev. Nutr. (IF 8.9) Pub Date : 2021-10-11 Herman Pontzer, Brian M. Wood
We review the evolutionary origins of the human diet and the effects of ecology economy on the dietary proportion of plants and animals. Humans eat more meat than other apes, a consequence of hunting and gathering, which arose ∼2.5 Mya with the genus Homo. Paleolithic diets likely included a balance of plant and animal foods and would have been remarkably variable across time and space. A plant/animal
-
Cardiometabolic Benefits of Intermittent Fasting Annu. Rev. Nutr. (IF 8.9) Pub Date : 2021-10-11 Krista A. Varady, Sofia Cienfuegos, Mark Ezpeleta, Kelsey Gabel
This review aims to summarize the effects of intermittent fasting on markers of cardiometabolic health in humans. All forms of fasting reviewed here—alternate-day fasting (ADF), the 5:2 diet, and time-restricted eating (TRE)—produced mild to moderate weight loss (1–8% from baseline) and consistent reductions in energy intake (10–30% from baseline). These regimens may benefit cardiometabolic health
-
Sleep and Diet: Mounting Evidence of a Cyclical Relationship Annu. Rev. Nutr. (IF 8.9) Pub Date : 2021-10-11 Faris M. Zuraikat, Rebecca A. Wood, Rocío Barragán, Marie-Pierre St-Onge
Two factors intrinsic to health are diet and sleep. These two behaviors may well influence one another. Indeed, that insufficient sleep adversely impacts dietary intakes is well documented. On the other hand, diet may influence sleep via melatonin and its biosynthesis from tryptophan. Experimental data exist indicating that provision of specific foods rich in tryptophan or melatonin can improve sleep
-
Breastfeeding Beyond 12 Months: Is There Evidence for Health Impacts? Annu. Rev. Nutr. (IF 8.9) Pub Date : 2021-10-11 Kimberly A. Lackey, Bethaney D. Fehrenkamp, Ryan M. Pace, Janet E. Williams, Courtney L. Meehan, Mark A. McGuire, Michelle K. McGuire
Because breastfeeding provides optimal nutrition and other benefits for infants (e.g., lower risk of infectious disease) and benefits for mothers (e.g., less postpartum bleeding), many organizations recommend that healthy infants be exclusively breastfed for 4 to 6 months in the United States and 6 months internationally. Recommendations related to how long breastfeeding should continue, however, are
-
Designing Relevant Preclinical Rodent Models for Studying Links Between Nutrition, Obesity, Metabolism, and Cancer Annu. Rev. Nutr. (IF 8.9) Pub Date : 2021-10-11 Elaine M. Glenny, Michael F. Coleman, Erin D. Giles, Elizabeth A. Wellberg, Stephen D. Hursting
Diet and nutrition are intricately related to cancer prevention, growth, and treatment response. Preclinical rodent models are a cornerstone to biomedical research and remain instrumental in our understanding of the relationship between cancer and diet and in the development of effective therapeutics. However, the success rate of translating promising findings from the bench to the bedside is suboptimal
-
Genetics of Sleep and Insights into Its Relationship with Obesity Annu. Rev. Nutr. (IF 8.9) Pub Date : 2021-10-11 Hassan S. Dashti, José M. Ordovás
Considerable recent advancements in elucidating the genetic architecture of sleep traits and sleep disorders may provide insight into the relationship between sleep and obesity. Despite the involvement of the circadian clock in sleep and metabolism, few shared genes, including FTO, were implicated in genome-wide association studies (GWASs) of sleep and obesity. Polygenic scores composed of signals
-
The Influence of Timing in Critical Care Nutrition Annu. Rev. Nutr. (IF 8.9) Pub Date : 2021-10-11 Liam McKeever, Sarah J. Peterson, Omar Lateef, Carol Braunschweig
Proper timing of critical care nutrition has long been a matter of controversy. Critical illness waxes and wanes in stages, creating a dynamic flux in energy needs that we have only begun to examine. Furthermore, response to nutrition support likely differs greatly at the level of the individual patient in regard to genetic status, disease stage, comorbidities, and more. We review the observational
-
Roles of Endocannabinoids and Endocannabinoid-Like Molecules in Energy Homeostasis and Metabolic Regulation: A Nutritional Perspective Annu. Rev. Nutr. (IF 8.9) Pub Date : 2021-10-11 S.M. Khaledur Rahman, Toru Uyama, Zahir Hussain, Natsuo Ueda
The endocannabinoid system is involved in signal transduction in mammals. It comprises principally G protein-coupled cannabinoid receptors and their endogenous agonists, called endocannabinoids, as well as the enzymes and transporters responsible for the metabolism of endocannabinoids. Two arachidonic acid–containing lipid molecules, arachidonoylethanolamide (anandamide) and 2-arachidonoylglycerol
-
Dietary and Physiological Effects of Zinc on the Immune System Annu. Rev. Nutr. (IF 8.9) Pub Date : 2021-10-11 Inga Wessels, Henrike Josephine Fischer, Lothar Rink
Evidence for the importance of zinc for all immune cells and for mounting an efficient and balanced immune response to various environmental stressors has been accumulating in recent years. This article describes the role of zinc in fundamental biological processes and summarizes our current knowledge of zinc's effect on hematopoiesis, including differentiation into immune cell subtypes. In addition
-
Vitamin A and Vitamin E: Will the Real Antioxidant Please Stand Up? Annu. Rev. Nutr. (IF 8.9) Pub Date : 2021-10-11 William S. Blaner, Igor O. Shmarakov, Maret G. Traber
Vitamin A, acting through its metabolite, all-trans-retinoic acid, is a potent transcriptional regulator affecting expression levels of hundreds of genes through retinoic acid response elements present within these genes. However, the literature is replete with claims that consider vitamin A to be an antioxidant vitamin, like vitamins C and E. This apparent contradiction in the understanding of how
-
The Roles of Cytoplasmic Lipid Droplets in Modulating Intestinal Uptake of Dietary Fat Annu. Rev. Nutr. (IF 8.9) Pub Date : 2021-10-11 Alyssa S. Zembroski, Changting Xiao, Kimberly K. Buhman
Dietary fat absorption is required for health but also contributes to hyperlipidemia and metabolic disease when dysregulated. One step in the process of dietary fat absorption is the formation of cytoplasmic lipid droplets (CLDs) in small intestinal enterocytes; these CLDs serve as dynamic triacylglycerol storage organelles that influence the rate at which dietary fat is absorbed. Recent studies have
-
Metabolic and Signaling Roles of Ketone Bodies in Health and Disease Annu. Rev. Nutr. (IF 8.9) Pub Date : 2021-10-11 Patrycja Puchalska, Peter A. Crawford
Ketone bodies play significant roles in organismal energy homeostasis, serving as oxidative fuels, modulators of redox potential, lipogenic precursors, and signals, primarily during states of low carbohydrate availability. Efforts to enhance wellness and ameliorate disease via nutritional, chronobiological, and pharmacological interventions have markedly intensified interest in ketone body metabolism
-
Ins and Outs of the TCA Cycle: The Central Role of Anaplerosis Annu. Rev. Nutr. (IF 8.9) Pub Date : 2021-10-11 Melissa Inigo, Stanisław Deja, Shawn C. Burgess
The reactions of the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle allow the controlled combustion of fat and carbohydrate. In principle, TCA cycle intermediates are regenerated on every turn and can facilitate the oxidation of an infinite number of nutrient molecules. However, TCA cycle intermediates can be lost to cataplerotic pathways that provide precursors for biosynthesis, and they must be replaced by anaplerotic
-
A Dissenter's Journey Annu. Rev. Nutr. (IF 8.9) Pub Date : 2021-10-11 W. Philip T. James
After I studied medicine, my career took an early and unusual course when I was offered a clinical research post in Jamaica dealing with childhood malnutrition, of which I knew nothing. My subsequent nutritional explorations allowed gastrointestinal and metabolic analyses to have an impact on several public health policies. The biggest challenges came from unexpected political demands: coping with
-
Celebrating 40 Years of the Annual Review of Nutrition. Annu. Rev. Nutr. (IF 8.9) Pub Date : 2021-10-11 Rudi Balling,Patrick J Stover
-
Impacts and Echoes: The Lasting Influence of the White House Conference on Food, Nutrition, and Health. Annu. Rev. Nutr. (IF 8.9) Pub Date : 2020-09-23 Catherine E Woteki,Brandon L Kramer,Samantha Cohen,Vicki A Lancaster
The 1969 White House Conference on Food, Nutrition, and Health had a significant influence on the direction of food and nutrition policy in the United States. The conference produced recommendations leading to federal legislation and programs to alleviate hunger and malnutrition, improve consumers’ nutrition knowledge through education and labeling, and monitor the nutritional status of the population