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Genetic evidence for repurposing of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists to prevent chronic liver diseases Gut (IF 24.5) Pub Date : 2024-03-15 Baike Liu, Ge Peng, Yuan Yin, Chaoyong Shen, Xiaonan Yin, Zhaolun Cai, Bo Zhang
We read with great interest the study of Wester et al 1 that suggested a potential hepatoprotective effect of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) in mitigating the risk of major adverse liver outcomes among patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D). Currently, several studies indicate that GLP-1RAs provide functional protection for chronic liver diseases.2 3 However, uncertainties persist
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Proton pump inhibitors alter gut microbiota by promoting oral microbiota translocation: a prospective interventional study Gut (IF 24.5) Pub Date : 2024-03-14 Xue Xiao, Xian Zhang, Jin Wang, Yuqiang Liu, Hailin Yan, Xiaocun Xing, Jinlin Yang
Background The mechanism by which proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) alter gut microbiota remains to be elucidated. We aimed to learn whether PPI induced gut microbiota alterations by promoting oral microbial translocation. Methods Healthy adult volunteers were randomly assigned: PP group (n=8, 40 mg esomeprazole daily for seven days) and PM group (n=8, 40 mg esomeprazole along with chlorhexidine mouthwash
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Gastrointestinal syndromes in Parkinson’s disease: risk factors or comorbidities? Gut (IF 24.5) Pub Date : 2024-03-13 Jiangwei Sun, Dan Yan, Karin Wirdefeldt, Jialu Yao, Jonas F Ludvigsson
With great interest, we read the article by Konings et al ,1 in which the authors conducted a combined case–control and cohort study and found that dysphagia, gastroparesis, irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) without diarrhoea and constipation specifically predict subsequent newly onset idiopathic Parkinson’s disease (PD) through comparing patients with PD with matched negative controls and patients with
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Non-invasive assessment of MASH resolution Gut (IF 24.5) Pub Date : 2024-03-13 Jean-François Dufour, Vincent Wai-Sun Wong
With the approval of drug treatment for metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH) approaching, it is of paramount importance to have non-invasive means to monitor response to treatment.1 Currently, conditional approval is based on liver histology, with MASH resolution without worsening of fibrosis and fibrosis improvement without worsening of MASH being the two key histological endpoints
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Strengths and limitations of AlphaMissense in CPA1 missense variant classification Gut (IF 24.5) Pub Date : 2024-03-12 Ya-Hui Wang, Emmanuelle Masson, Zhuan Liao, Claude Férec, Wen-Bin Zou, Jian-Min Chen
We read with interest the publication by Sándor and Sahin-Tóth, which classifies CPA1 missense variants based on functional data.1 Previous analyses of variants strongly associated with chronic pancreatitis (p.N256K, p.S282P and p.K374E) have demonstrated that pathogenic CPA1 variants result in proenzyme misfolding, leading to subsequent endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress.2–6 In examining 50 CPA1 missense
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Function of mast cell and bile-cholangiocarcinoma interplay in cholangiocarcinoma microenvironment Gut (IF 24.5) Pub Date : 2024-03-08 Anda Shi, Zengli Liu, Zhongqi Fan, Kangshuai Li, Xingkai Liu, Yongchang Tang, Jiaming Hu, Xingyong Li, Lizhuang Shu, Liming Zhao, Lingling Huang, Zhiyue Zhang, Guoyue Lv, Zongli Zhang, Yunfei Xu
Objective The correlation between cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) progression and bile is rarely studied. Here, we aimed to identify differential metabolites in benign and malignant bile ducts and elucidate the generation, function and degradation of bile metabolites. Design Differential metabolites in the bile from CCA and benign biliary stenosis were identified by metabonomics. Biliary molecules able to
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Milk fat globule-epidermal growth factor 8 (MFGE8) prevents intestinal fibrosis Gut (IF 24.5) Pub Date : 2024-03-08 Sinan Lin, Jie Wang, Pranab K Mukherjee, Ren Mao, Gail West, Doug Czarnecki, Shuai Zhao, Quang Tam Nguyen, Michael Elias, William J Massey, WeiWei Liu, Yan Wang, Ankita Prasad, Suhanti Banerjee, Idan Goren, Jyotsna Chandra, Hongnga T Le, Dina Dejanovic, Jiannan Li, Minhu Chen, Stefan Holubar, Mitchell Olman, Brian Southern, Shaomin Hu, Ilyssa O Gordon, Kamran Atabai, Claudio Fiocchi, Florian Rieder
Objective Intestinal fibrosis is considered an inevitable consequence of chronic IBD, leading to stricture formation and need for surgery. During the process of fibrogenesis, extracellular matrix (ECM) components critically regulate the function of mesenchymal cells. We characterised the composition and function of ECM in fibrostenosing Crohn’s disease (CD) and control tissues. Design Decellularised
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PNPLA3 fatty liver allele was fixed in Neanderthals and segregates neutrally in humans Gut (IF 24.5) Pub Date : 2024-03-08 Andreas Geier, Jonas Trost, Ke Wang, Clemens Schmid, Marcin Krawczyk, Stephan Schiffels
Objective Fat deposition is modulated by environmental factors and genetic predisposition. Genome-wide association studies identified PNPLA3 p.I148M (rs738409) as a common variant that increases risk of developing liver steatosis. When and how this variant evolved in humans has not been studied to date. Design Here we analyse ancient DNA to track the history of this allele throughout human history
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Response to: short-chain fatty acids in patients with severe acute pancreatitis: friend or foe? Gut (IF 24.5) Pub Date : 2024-03-07 Christoph Ammer-Herrmenau, Albrecht Neesse
We write in response to the Letter to the Editor by van den Berg et al 1 commenting on our recent article ‘Gut microbiota predicts severity and reveals novel metabolic signatures in acute pancreatitis’.2 We greatly appreciate the interest in our work and are grateful to clarify some aspects of the study. The primary endpoint of our study investigated whether microbial compositions can be employed as
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Inflammatory bowel diseases: are we ready to recommend a preventive diet for infants? Gut (IF 24.5) Pub Date : 2024-04-01 Ashwin N Ananthakrishnan
Environmental factors throughout life play a critical role in the development of IBD (Crohn’s disease (CD), UC). The past decade has witnessed an acceleration of environmental research in IBD with several landmark prospective cohorts identifying dietary and other lifestyle determinants of disease. In parallel, we have also made substantial progress in identifying how the environment contributes to
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Beyond a liver-gut focus: the evolution of gastroenterology and hepatology in challenging the obesity and steatotic liver disease paradigm Gut (IF 24.5) Pub Date : 2024-04-01 Paul N Brennan, Shira Zelber-Sagi, Alina M Allen, John F Dillon, Jeffrey V Lazarus
We read with great interest the paper by Camilleri and El-Omar ‘10 reasons that gastroenterologists and hepatologists should be treating obesity’ 1 and concur that these clinicians are pivotal in addressing the prevailing obesity crisis. We agree that in developing this scope of practice, inherent professional and systemic challenges will need to be overcome and believe that the authors’ well-articulated
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Clinical applications of circulating HBV RNA as a potential surrogate biomarker for intrahepatic cccDNA transcriptional activity Gut (IF 24.5) Pub Date : 2024-04-01 Xiaoqi Yu, Maria Pfefferkorn, Florian van Bömmel, Xinxin Zhang, Thomas Berg
There is a close link between diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. The more precise the biomarker, the more accurately we can predict treatment outcomes. The efficacy of the hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA biomarker in anticipating both early treatment response and post-treatment cure in HCV infections stands as a prime exemplar. Curing hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, characterised as the persistent
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New facet of CARs: HBV-specific CARs as inhibitors of virus morphogenesis and release Gut (IF 24.5) Pub Date : 2024-04-01 Eberhard Hildt, Jianming Hu
Although safe and effective vaccines against HBV (hepatitis B virus) are available, there are worldwide more than 2 billion people who had an HBV infection and about 250 million people suffering from chronic HBV infection. Chronic HBV infection is a major cause for liver diseases such as fibrosis, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). It is estimated that about 800 000–1 000 000 people die
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ForePass endoscopic bypass device for obesity and insulin resistance—metabolic treatment in a swine model Gut (IF 24.5) Pub Date : 2024-04-01 Giulia Angelini, Manoel Galvao Neto, Ivo Boskoski, Maria Emiliana Caristo, Sara Russo, Luca Proto, Elena Previti, Lisa Olsson, Hobby Aggarwal, Samantha Pezzica, Elisa Ferrari, Vincenzo Bove, Alfredo Genco, Stefan Bornstein, Valentina Tremaroli, Amalia Gastaldelli, Geltrude Mingrone
#### WHAT IS ALREADY KNOWN ON THIS SUBJECT #### WHAT ARE THE NEW FINDINGS #### HOW MIGHT IT IMPACT ON CLINICAL PRACTICE IN THE FORESEEABLE FUTURE Metabolic surgery (MS) causes long-lasting type 2 diabetes (T2D) remission through mechanisms that are beyond the mere weight loss being linked to the bypass of the upper gut. The ForePass device combines a channelled gastric balloon with an intestinal sleeve
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Thyroid hormone receptor-beta agonists: new MASLD therapies on the horizon Gut (IF 24.5) Pub Date : 2024-04-01 Christopher D Byrne, Giovanni Targher, Herbert Tilg
Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) has emerged as the leading chronic liver disease worldwide in the past decade.1 The spectrum of liver diseases in MASLD ranges from metabolic dysfunction-associated simple steatosis to steatohepatitis (MASH), advanced fibrosis, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. The pathophysiology of MASLD involves many diverse pathways, including
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10-year follow-up results of the European Achalasia Trial: a multicentre randomised controlled trial comparing pneumatic dilation with laparoscopic Heller myotomy Gut (IF 24.5) Pub Date : 2024-04-01 Guy Boeckxstaens, Stefanie Elsen, Ann Belmans, Vito Annese, Albert J Bredenoord, Olivier R Busch, Mario Costantini, Uberto Fumagalli, André J P M Smout, Jan Tack, Tim Vanuytsel, Giovanni Zaninotto, Renato Salvador
Objective As achalasia is a chronic disorder, long-term follow-up data comparing different treatments are essential to select optimal clinical management. Here, we report on the 10-year follow-up of the European Achalasia Trial comparing endoscopic pneumodilation (PD) with laparoscopic Heller myotomy (LHM). Design A total of 201 newly diagnosed patients with achalasia were randomised to either a series
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Early-life diet and risk of inflammatory bowel disease: a pooled study in two Scandinavian birth cohorts Gut (IF 24.5) Pub Date : 2024-04-01 Annie Guo, Johnny Ludvigsson, Anne Lise Brantsæter, Sofia Klingberg, Malin Östensson, Ketil Størdal, Karl Mårild
Objective We assessed whether early-life diet quality and food intake frequencies were associated with subsequent IBD. Design Prospectively recorded 1-year and 3-year questionnaires in children from the All Babies in Southeast Sweden and The Norwegian Mother, Father and Child Cohort Study were used to assess diet quality using a Healthy Eating Index and intake frequency of food groups. IBD was defined
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ATP citrate lyase (ACLY)-dependent immunometabolism in mucosal T cells drives experimental colitis in vivo Gut (IF 24.5) Pub Date : 2024-04-01 Anja Schulz-Kuhnt, Katharina Rühle, Asal Javidmehr, Michael Döbrönti, Jana Biwank, Selina Knittel, Peter Neidlinger, Jannik Leupold, Li-Juan Liu, Mark Dedden, Regina Verena Taudte, Arne Gessner, Martin F Fromm, Dirk Mielenz, Lucas Kreiss, Maximilian J Waldner, Sebastian Schürmann, Oliver Friedrich, Barbara Dietel, Rocío López-Posadas, Christina Plattner, The TRR241 IBDome Consortium, Sebastian Zundler
Objective Mucosal T cells play a major role in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). However, their immunometabolism during intestinal inflammation is poorly understood. Due to its impact on cellular metabolism and proinflammatory immune cell function, we here focus on the enzyme ATP citrate lyase (ACLY) in mucosal T cell immunometabolism and its relevance for IBD. Design ACLY expression and its immunometabolic
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Unveiling 8 years of duodenoscope contamination: insights from a retrospective analysis in a large tertiary care hospital Gut (IF 24.5) Pub Date : 2024-04-01 Koen van der Ploeg, Cynthia P. Haanappel, Anne F. Voor in 't holt, Woutrinus de Groot, Adriana J. C. Bulkmans, Nicole S. Erler, Bibi C. G. C. Mason-Slingerland, Juliëtte A. Severin, Margreet C. Vos, Marco J. Bruno
Objective Contaminated duodenoscopes caused several hospital outbreaks. Despite efforts to reduce contamination rates, 15% of patient-ready duodenoscopes are still contaminated with gastrointestinal microorganisms. This study aimed to provide an overview of duodenoscope contamination over time, identify risk factors and study the effects of implemented interventions. Design Duodenoscope culture sets
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Blood-based colorectal cancer screening in an integrated health system: a randomised trial of patient adherence Gut (IF 24.5) Pub Date : 2024-04-01 Gloria D Coronado, Charisma L Jenkins, Elizabeth Shuster, Cheryl Johnson, David Amy, Jennifer Cook, Samantha Sahnow, Jamilyn M Zepp, Rajasekhara Mummadi
Objective We evaluated whether people who had not completed a faecal immunochemical test (FIT) for colorectal cancer (CRC) screening would complete a blood-based testing option if offered one during health encounters. Blood-based screening tests for CRC could add to the total number of people screened for CRC by providing another testing alternative. Design Study participants were patients aged 45–75
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Revisiting the performance of cyst fluid carcinoembryonic antigen as a diagnostic marker for pancreatic mucinous cysts: a comprehensive 20-year institutional review Gut (IF 24.5) Pub Date : 2024-04-01 Melanie C Kwan, Martha Bishop Pitman, Carlos Fernandez-del Castillo, M Lisa Zhang
Objective Elevated pancreatic cyst fluid carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) has been routinely used to classify mucinous cysts. This study incorporates original data that established the CEA ≥192 ng/mL threshold with over 20 years of additional data and reassesses the diagnostic performance of CEA for differentiating mucinous from non-mucinous cysts. Design 1169 pancreatic cysts (1999–2021) with CEA results
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Protein biomarkers and alternatively methylated cell-free DNA detect early stage pancreatic cancer Gut (IF 24.5) Pub Date : 2024-04-01 Roni Ben-Ami, Qiao-Li Wang, Jinming Zhang, Julianna G Supplee, Johannes F Fahrmann, Roni Lehmann-Werman, Lauren K Brais, Jonathan Nowak, Chen Yuan, Maureen Loftus, Ana Babic, Ehsan Irajizad, Tal Davidi, Aviad Zick, Ayala Hubert, Daniel Neiman, Sheina Piyanzin, Ofer Gal-Rosenberg, Amit Horn, Ruth Shemer, Benjamin Glaser, Natalia Boos, Kunal Jajoo, Linda Lee, Thomas E Clancy, Douglas A Rubinson, Kimmie
Objective Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is commonly diagnosed at an advanced stage. Liquid biopsy approaches may facilitate detection of early stage PDAC when curative treatments can be employed. Design To assess circulating marker discrimination in training, testing and validation patient cohorts (total n=426 patients), plasma markers were measured among PDAC cases and patients with chronic
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Non-linear association of baseline viral load with on-treatment hepatocellular carcinoma risk in chronic hepatitis B Gut (IF 24.5) Pub Date : 2024-04-01 Won-Mook Choi, Gi-Ae Kim, Jonggi Choi, Gwang Hyeon Choi, Yun Bin Lee, Dong Hyun Sinn, Young-Suk Lim
Objective The association between baseline pretreatment serum HBV DNA levels and on-treatment hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) risk remains controversial in patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB). We aimed to investigate the association between baseline HBV viral load and on-treatment HCC risk in CHB patients without cirrhosis. Design Using a multicentre historical cohort study including 4693 hepatitis
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Quantification of circulating HBV RNA expressed from intrahepatic cccDNA in untreated and NUC treated patients with chronic hepatitis B Gut (IF 24.5) Pub Date : 2024-04-01 Barbara Testoni, Caroline Scholtès, Marie-Laure Plissonnier, Alexia Paturel, Françoise Berby, Floriana Facchetti, François Villeret, Elisabetta Degasperi, Beth Scott, Aaron Hamilton, Marintha Heil, Pietro Lampertico, Massimo Levrero, Fabien Zoulim
Objective A convenient, reproducible biomarker of hepatitis B virus (HBV) covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA) transcriptional activity is lacking. We measured circulating HBV RNA (cirB-RNA) in untreated and nucleos(t)ide analogues (NUC) treated chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients to define its correlation with intrahepatic viral markers and HBV core-related antigen (HBcrAg). Design Paired liver
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Chimeric antigen receptors of HBV envelope proteins inhibit hepatitis B surface antigen secretion Gut (IF 24.5) Pub Date : 2024-04-01 Yang Wang, Qiqi Li, Cheng Li, Cong Wang, Shijie Wang, Wenjie Yuan, Demin Yu, Ke Zhang, Bisheng Shi, Xiaomei Chen, Tiantian Liu, Zhenghong Yuan, Shuping Tong, Michael Nassal, Yu-Mei Wen, Yong-Xiang Wang
Objectives Chronic hepatitis B (CHB) caused by HBV infection greatly increases the risk of liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) plays critical roles in the pathogenesis of CHB. HBsAg loss is the key indicator for cure of CHB, but is rarely achieved by current approved anti-HBV drugs. Therefore, novel anti-HBV strategies are urgently needed to achieve sustained
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Endoscopic variceal ligation versus propranolol for the primary prevention of oesophageal variceal bleeding in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma: an open-label, two-centre, randomised controlled trial Gut (IF 24.5) Pub Date : 2024-04-01 Tsung-Chieh Yang, Wen-Chi Chen, Ming-Chih Hou, Ping-Hsien Chen, Pei-Chang Lee, Chung-Yu Chang, Hsiao-Sheng Lu, Yu-Jen Chen, Shao-Jung Hsu, Hui-Chun Huang, Jiing-Chyuan Luo, Yi-Hsiang Huang, Fa-Yauh Lee
Objective This randomised trial aimed to address whether endoscopic variceal ligation (EVL) or propranolol (PPL) is more effective at preventing initial oesophageal variceal bleeding (EVB) in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Design Patients with HCC and medium-to-large oesophageal varices (EVs) but without previous EVB were randomised to receive EVL (every 3–4 weeks until variceal eradication)
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MASLD: a systemic metabolic disorder with cardiovascular and malignant complications Gut (IF 24.5) Pub Date : 2024-04-01 Giovanni Targher, Christopher D Byrne, Herbert Tilg
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has rapidly become the most common chronic liver disease globally and is currently estimated to affect up to 38% of the global adult population. NAFLD is a multisystem disease where systemic insulin resistance and related metabolic dysfunction play a pathogenic role in the development of NAFLD and its most relevant liver-related morbidities (cirrhosis, liver
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Antibiotic use and inflammatory bowel disease: number needed to harm? Gut (IF 24.5) Pub Date : 2024-04-01 Jonas F Ludvigsson
I read the paper by Faye et al 1 with great excitement and want to commend the authors for their careful and thorough analysis. The potential side effects of antibiotics have lately attracted increased attention and my research group has also published on the association between antibiotics and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).2 Both our papers indicate a link between the use of antibiotics and later
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Sucrase-isomaltase genotype and response to a starch-reduced and sucrose-reduced diet in IBS-D patients Gut (IF 24.5) Pub Date : 2024-04-01 Andreea Zamfir-Taranu, Britt-Sabina Löscher, Diab M. Husein, Abdullah Hoter, Koldo Garcia-Etxebarria, Usune Etxeberria, Lucía Gayoso, Gabriele Mayr, Clara Nilholm, Rita J. Gustafsson, Oliver Ozaydin, Tenghao Zheng, Cristina Esteban-Blanco, Isotta Bozzarelli, Ferdinando Bonfiglio, Sandra Rizk, Andre Franke, Luis Bujanda, Hassan Y. Naim, Bodil Ohlsson, Mauro D'Amato
Recently in Gut, several reviews and reports have highlighted hypomorphic (dysfunctional) variants of the sucrase-isomaltase ( SI ) gene in relation to increased risk of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), particularly the diarrhoea-predominant type (IBS-D).1–4 Similar to congenital (rare recessive) and acquired forms of SI deficiency, impaired SI enzymatic activity is expected to lead to colonic accumulation
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Empiric use of standard triple therapy in Helicobacter pylori eradication does not require readjustment in the clarithromycin resistance cut-off point Gut (IF 24.5) Pub Date : 2024-04-01 Peter Malfertheiner, Francis Megraud, Theodore Rokkas, Javier P Gisbert
We appreciate the considerations of Hsu et al about the recommendation of empiric first-line therapies in our Maastricht VI/Florence consensus report for the management of Helicobacter pylori .1 2 We fully agree that H. pylori eradication therapy should aim at a cure rate of ≥90%. This also meets the expectation of patients as referred by the authors from a real-world expectation survey of the Asia-Pacific
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‘Family-based’ strategy for Helicobacter pylori infection screening: an efficient alternative to ‘test and treat’ strategy Gut (IF 24.5) Pub Date : 2024-04-01 Jiafeng Zhang, Yuchen Deng, Chang Liu, Huiquan Wang, Heifei Ren, Sai Chen, Lei Chen, Bin Shi, Lin Zhou
We read with utmost interest the study by Zhou et al ,1 which was the first family-based investigation of Helicobacter pylori ( Hp ) infection in China. The authors provided valuable insights into the occurrence of familial cluster effect on Hp infection and the superiority of the ‘family-based strategy’. However, their work failed to compare the screening efficiency of various established Hp management
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Robust SARS-CoV-2 antibody and T cell immunity following three COVID-19 vaccine doses in inflammatory bowel disease patients receiving anti-TNF or alternative treatments Gut (IF 24.5) Pub Date : 2024-04-01 Eva Zhang, Thi H O Nguyen, Lilith F Allen, Lukasz Kedzierski, Louise C Rowntree, So Young Chang, Wuji Zhang, Jennifer R Habel, Isabelle J Foo, Tejas Menon, Jeni Mitchell, Rupert W Leong, Katherine Bond, Deborah A Williamson, Katherine Kedzierska, Britt Christensen
We read Kennedy et al 1’s findings with interest, and report in-depth analyses of antibody and T cell responses in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) to COVID-19 vaccination. We prospectively recruited 100 SARS-CoV-2-uninfected patients with IBD on varying treatments at the Royal Melbourne Hospital (HREC/74403/MH-2021). Healthcare workers who did not have IBD and were not on immunosuppressive
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Fatal intestinal disease: a case of recurrent lower gastrointestinal bleeding Gut (IF 24.5) Pub Date : 2024-04-01 Cong Dai, Yu-hong Huang
A 69-year-old man was admitted to our hospital with abdominal pain, fever and massive bloody stool for the last 3 days, but no pathergy, genital and oral ulcers. Blood pressure was 86/54 mm Hg, respiratory rate 24 breaths/min, heart rate 126 beats/min. Subsequent laboratory findings were as follows: white blood cells 10.06×109/L, C reactive protein 47.5 mg/L, albumin 28.2 g/L and haemoglobin 77 g/L
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SARS-CoV-2 and the liver: clinical and immunological features in chronic liver disease Gut (IF 24.5) Pub Date : 2024-04-01 BMJ Publishing Group Ltd and British Society of Gastroenterology
Luxenburger H, Thimme R. SARS-CoV-2 and the liver: clinical and immunological features in chronic liver disease. Gut 2023;72:1783-94 The correct legend for figure 4 …
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Genetic and transcriptomic landscape of colonic diverticulosis Gut (IF 24.5) Pub Date : 2024-03-04 Jungkyun Seo, Hongwei Liu, Kristin Young, Xinruo Zhang, Temitope O Keku, Corbin D Jones, Kari E North, Robert S Sandler, Anne F Peery
Objective Colonic diverticulosis is a prevalent condition among older adults, marked by the presence of thin-walled pockets in the colon wall that can become inflamed, infected, haemorrhage or rupture. We present a case–control genetic and transcriptomic study aimed at identifying the genetic and cellular determinants underlying this condition and the relationship with other gastrointestinal disorders
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Absence of a pancreatic microbiome in intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm Gut (IF 24.5) Pub Date : 2024-03-01 Marie-Madlen Pust, Darío Missael Rocha Castellanos, Kara Rzasa, Andrea Dame, Gleb Pishchany, Charnwit Assawasirisin, Andrew Liss, Carlos Fernandez-del Castillo, Ramnik J Xavier
Objective This study aims to validate the existence of a microbiome within intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm (IPMN) that can be differentiated from the taxonomically diverse DNA background of next-generation sequencing procedures. Design We generated 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing data to analyse 338 cyst fluid samples from 190 patients and 19 negative controls, the latter collected directly from
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MASH Resolution Index: development and validation of a non-invasive score to detect histological resolution of MASH Gut (IF 24.5) Pub Date : 2024-02-28 Rohit Loomba, Maral Amangurbanova, Ricki Bettencourt, Egbert Madamba, Harris Siddiqi, Lisa Richards, Cynthia Behling, Claude B Sirlin, Mildred D Gottwald, Shibao Feng, Maya Margalit, Daniel Q Huang
Background Dynamic changes in non-invasive tests, such as changes in alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and MRI proton-density-fat-fraction (MRI-PDFF), may help to detect metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH) resolution, but a combination of non-invasive tests may be more accurate than either alone. We developed a novel non-invasive score, the MASH Resolution Index, to detect the histological
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Role of patient and staff mobility in scope 3 emissions in GI endoscopy Gut (IF 24.5) Pub Date : 2024-02-28 Michelle A Klose, Antonia Becker, Valentin Blank, Stephan Eisenmann, Jonas Rosendahl, Jens Walldorf
In a survey among 260 outpatients and staff in a tertiary care endoscopy unit, we calculated transportation-related greenhouse gas emissions for each endoscopic procedure to be 11.5 kg CO2e. According to our calculation model, this represents 32.7% of scope 3 carbon emissions, highlighting the central role of patient and staff transportation. Combining two procedures into one appointment, where indicated
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Recurrent intestinal ulcers and perforations complicated with pigmentation Gut (IF 24.5) Pub Date : 2024-02-28 Junfeng Guo, Linxi Su, Guangsheng Du, Yuyang Chen, Cheng Liu, Bing Wang, Yangfan Lv, Shiming Yang, Xia Xie
A 21-year-old woman presented at our hospital with recurrent fever and abdominal pain. Due to this, the patient has been hospitalised over 100 times. Initially, she was diagnosed with tuberculous peritonitis, yet showed poor response to antituberculosis medication. Besides, exploratory laparotomy at age 5 years revealed no evidence of tuberculosis. Further treatment for Crohn’s disease with infliximab
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Cause of death by fibrosis stage in 959 patients with biopsy-proven NAFLD Gut (IF 24.5) Pub Date : 2024-02-26 Ying Shang, Camilla Akbari, Maja Dodd, Patrik Nasr, Johan Vessby, Fredrik Rorsman, Stergios Kechagias, Per Stål, Mattias Ekstedt, Hannes Hagström
We have read with interest the study from Simon et al , where the authors observed a higher mortality rate among patients with biopsy-proven nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) compared with reference controls without NAFLD.1 Importantly, mortality rates exhibited a significant increase as the severity of NAFLD worsened, that is, from simple steatosis, non-fibrotic nonalcoholic steatohepatitis
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New AI model for neoplasia detection and characterisation in inflammatory bowel disease Gut (IF 24.5) Pub Date : 2024-02-23 Mohamed Abdelrahim, Katie Siggens, Yuji Iwadate, Naoto Maeda, Hein Htet, Pradeep Bhandari
Endoscopic neoplasia detection in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) remains challenging. We developed and validated a novel artificial intelligence (AI) model for lesion detection and characterisation in 478 images from 30 patients with IBD, 10 of whom had a total of 25 neoplastic lesions (including 8 sessile serrated polyps); sensitivity and specificity for lesion detection were 93.5% and 80.6%, respectively
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HBV integrations reshaping genomic structures promote hepatocellular carcinoma Gut (IF 24.5) Pub Date : 2024-02-23 Zhaoyang Qian, Junbo Liang, Rong Huang, Wei Song, Jianming Ying, Xinyu Bi, Jianjun Zhao, Zhenyu Shi, Wenjie Liu, Jianmei Liu, Zhiyu Li, Jianguo Zhou, Zhen Huang, Yefan Zhang, Dongbing Zhao, Jianxiong Wu, Liming Wang, Xiao Chen, Rui Mao, Yanchi Zhou, Lei Guo, Hanjie Hu, Dazhuang Ge, Xingchen Li, Zhiwen Luo, Jinjie Yao, Tengyan Li, Qichen Chen, Bingzhi Wang, Zhewen Wei, Kun Chen, Chunfeng Qu, Jianqiang
Objective Hepatitis B virus (HBV)-related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), mostly characterised by HBV integrations, is prevalent worldwide. Previous HBV studies mainly focused on a few hotspot integrations. However, the oncogenic role of the other HBV integrations remains unclear. This study aimed to elucidate HBV integration-induced tumourigenesis further. Design Here, we illuminated the genomic structures
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More than shots in the dark: improving patient stratification to move closer to personalised therapies in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma Gut (IF 24.5) Pub Date : 2024-03-01 Maria Arechederra, Andrea Casadei Gardini, Chiara Raggi
Cholangiocarcinomas, the second most frequent hepatic tumour after hepatocellular carcinoma, make up around 2% of all gastrointestinal malignancies. It is believed that these tumours have been occurring more frequently recently, at least in Western countries, and that this is mostly due to an increase in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (iCCA).1 The combination of cisplatin and gemcitabine was established
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Advancing with cancer immunotherapeutics: CD29+ regulatory T cell antagonism Gut (IF 24.5) Pub Date : 2024-03-01 Francisco Javier Cubero, Pablo Sarobe, Gisa Tiegs
During the past few decades, the field of immuno-oncology has evolved along with the development of novel immunotherapies targeting Foxp3 -expressing regulatory T cells (Tregs), a distinctive lineage of CD4+ T cells, for patients with cancer. There is considerable experimental and clinical evidence to support the role of Tregs in tumour growth, progression and metastasis, thus favouring suppression
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Ebastine for the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome: old drug, new tricks? Gut (IF 24.5) Pub Date : 2024-03-01 Alexander C Ford
There is increasing evidence that the pathophysiology of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), once considered a functional gastrointestinal disorder and now reframed as a disorder of gut–brain interaction,1 has an organic basis. Some patients with IBS exhibit evidence of low-grade mucosal inflammation.2 One of the most well-replicated observations over the last 20 years has been reports of mast cell activation
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EUS-guided gallbladder drainage in acute cholecystitis: long-term problems with surgical approach Gut (IF 24.5) Pub Date : 2024-03-01 Ji Young Bang, Juan Pablo Arnoletti, Andrew Wagner, Shyam Varadarajulu
Professional societies have endorsed endoscopic ultrasound-guided gallbladder drainage (EUS-GBD) as an alternative to percutaneous cholecystostomy in high-risk surgical patients with acute cholecystitis. In a retrospective case series, we encountered 3 of 25 patients who improved clinically after EUS-GBD and subsequently had their surgical risk status reversed when cholecystectomy was indicated due
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Dupilumab demonstrated efficacy and was well tolerated regardless of prior use of swallowed topical corticosteroids in adolescent and adult patients with eosinophilic oesophagitis: a subgroup analysis of the phase 3 LIBERTY EoE TREET study Gut (IF 24.5) Pub Date : 2024-03-01 Albert J Bredenoord, Evan S Dellon, Ikuo Hirano, Alfredo J Lucendo, Christoph Schlag, Xian Sun, Lila Glotfelty, Leda Mannent, Jennifer Maloney, Elizabeth Laws, Eric Mortensen, Arsalan Shabbir
Objective To assess the effect of long-term dupilumab on histological, symptomatic and endoscopic aspects of eosinophilic oesophagitis (EoE) in adolescent and adult patients with and without prior use of swallowed topical corticosteroids (STC) or prior inadequate response, intolerance or contraindication to STC. Design Pre-specified analysis of data from the phase 3 LIBERTY EoE TREET study on patients
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RE.GA.IN.: the Real-world Gastritis Initiative–updating the updates Gut (IF 24.5) Pub Date : 2024-03-01 Massimo Rugge, Robert M Genta, Peter Malfertheiner, Mario Dinis-Ribeiro, Hashem El-Serag, David Y Graham, Ernst J Kuipers, Wai Keung Leung, Jin Young Park, Theodore Rokkas, Christian Schulz, Emad M El-Omar
At the end of the last century, a far-sighted ‘working party’ held in Sydney, Australia addressed the clinicopathological issues related to gastric inflammatory diseases. A few years later, an international conference held in Houston, Texas, USA critically updated the seminal Sydney classification. In line with these initiatives, Kyoto Global Consensus Report, flanked by the Maastricht-Florence conferences
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Reducing scope 3 carbon emissions in gastrointestinal endoscopy: results of the prospective study of the ‘Green Endoscopy Project Würzburg’ Gut (IF 24.5) Pub Date : 2024-03-01 Dorothea Henniger, Thomas Lux, Max Windsheimer, Markus Brand, Alexander Weich, Theodor Kudlich, Katrin Schöttker, Alexander Hann, Alexander Meining
Objective Carbon emissions generated by gastrointestinal endoscopy have been recognised as a critical issue. Scope 3 emissions are mainly caused by the manufacturing, packaging and transportation of purchased goods. However, to our knowledge, there are no prospective data on the efficacy of measurements aimed to reduce scope 3 emissions. Design The study was performed in a medium-sized academic endoscopy
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Specific gut pathobionts escape antibody coating and are enriched during flares in patients with severe Crohn’s disease Gut (IF 24.5) Pub Date : 2024-03-01 Carsten Eriksen, Niels Banhos Danneskiold-Samsøe, Janne Marie Moll, Pernille Neve Myers, Pi W Bondegaard, Simone Vejrum, Tine Brodka Hansen, Lisbeth Buus Rosholm, Philipp Rausch, Kristine Højgaard Allin, Tine Jess, Karsten Kristiansen, John Penders, Daisy Jonkers, Susanne Brix
Objective Patients with Crohn’s disease (CD) exhibit great heterogeneity in disease presentation and treatment responses, where distinct gut bacteria and immune interactions may play part in the yet unresolved disease aetiology. Given the role of antibodies in the barrier defence against microbes, we hypothesised that gut bacterial antibody-coating patterns may influence underlying disease-mediated
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Treatment of non-constipated irritable bowel syndrome with the histamine 1 receptor antagonist ebastine: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial Gut (IF 24.5) Pub Date : 2024-03-01 Lisse Decraecker, Danny De Looze, David P Hirsch, Heiko De Schepper, Joris Arts, Philip Caenepeel, Albert J Bredenoord, Jeroen Kolkman, Koen Bellens, Kim Van Beek, Fedrica Pia, Willy Peetermans, Tim Vanuytsel, Alexandre Denadai-Souza, Ann Belmans, Guy Boeckxstaens
Objective We evaluated the histamine 1 receptor antagonist ebastine as a potential treatment for patients with non-constipated irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) in a randomised, placebo-controlled phase 2 study. Methods Non-constipated patients with IBS fulfilling the Rome III criteria were randomly assigned to 20 mg ebastine or placebo for 12 weeks. Subjects scored global relief of symptoms (GRS) and
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Single-cell transcriptomic analysis deciphers heterogenous cancer stem-like cells in colorectal cancer and their organ-specific metastasis Gut (IF 24.5) Pub Date : 2024-03-01 Rui Li, Xuefei Liu, Xudong Huang, Di Zhang, Ziming Chen, Jialiang Zhang, Ruihong Bai, Shaoping Zhang, Hongzhe Zhao, Zilan Xu, Lingxing Zeng, Lisha Zhuang, Shujuan Wen, Shaojia Wu, Mei Li, Zhixiang Zuo, Junzhong Lin, Dongxin Lin, Jian Zheng
Objective Metastasis is the major cause of cancer death. However, what types of heterogenous cancer cells in primary tumour and how they metastasise to the target organs remain largely undiscovered. Design We performed single-cell RNA sequencing and spatial transcriptomic analysis in primary colorectal cancer (CRC) and metastases in the liver (lCRC) or ovary (oCRC). We also conducted immunofluorescence
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Gut microbiota predicts severity and reveals novel metabolic signatures in acute pancreatitis Gut (IF 24.5) Pub Date : 2024-03-01 Christoph Ammer-Herrmenau, Kai L Antweiler, Thomas Asendorf, Georg Beyer, Soeren M Buchholz, Silke Cameron, Gabriele Capurso, Marko Damm, Linh Dang, Fabian Frost, Antonio Gomes, Jacob Hamm, Robert Henker, Albrecht Hoffmeister, Christian Meinhardt, Lukasz Nawacki, Vitor Nunes, Arpad Panyko, Cesareo Pardo, Veit Phillip, Aldis Pukitis, Sebastian Rasch, Diana Riekstina, Ecaterina Rinja, María Lourdes Ruiz-Rebollo
Objective Early disease prediction is challenging in acute pancreatitis (AP). Here, we prospectively investigate whether the microbiome predicts severity of AP (Pancreatitis—Microbiome As Predictor of Severity; P-MAPS) early at hospital admission. Design Buccal and rectal microbial swabs were collected from 424 patients with AP within 72 hours of hospital admission in 15 European centres. All samples
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Molecular portraits of patients with intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma who diverge as rapid progressors or long survivors on chemotherapy Gut (IF 24.5) Pub Date : 2024-03-01 Colm J O'Rourke, Massimiliano Salati, Colin Rae, Guido Carpino, Holly Leslie, Antonio Pea, Maria G Prete, Luca R Bonetti, Francesco Amato, Robert Montal, Rosie Upstill-Goddard, Colin Nixon, Paula Sanchon-Sanchez, Paolo Kunderfranco, Daniela Sia, Eugenio Gaudio, Diletta Overi, Stefano Cascinu, Dan Hogdall, Sian Pugh, Enric Domingo, John N Primrose, John Bridgewater, Andrea Spallanzani, Fabio Gelsomino
Objective Cytotoxic agents are the cornerstone of treatment for patients with advanced intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (iCCA), despite heterogeneous benefit. We hypothesised that the pretreatment molecular profiles of diagnostic biopsies can predict patient benefit from chemotherapy and define molecular bases of innate chemoresistance. Design We identified a cohort of advanced iCCA patients with comparable
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Immunosuppressive CD29+ Treg accumulation in the liver in mice on checkpoint inhibitor therapy Gut (IF 24.5) Pub Date : 2024-03-01 Benjamin L Green, Yuta Myojin, Chi Ma, Benjamin Ruf, Lichun Ma, Qianfei Zhang, Umberto Rosato, Jonathan Qi, Mahler Revsine, Simon Wabitsch, Kylynda Bauer, Mohamed-Reda Benmebarek, Justin McCallen, Amran Nur, Xin Wang, Vivek Sehra, Revant Gupta, Manfred Claassen, Xin Wei Wang, Firouzeh Korangy, Tim F Greten
Objective Liver metastases are often resistant to immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy (ICI) and portend a worse prognosis compared with metastases to other locations. Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are one of several immunosuppressive cells implicated in ICI resistance of liver tumours, but the role played by Tregs residing within the liver surrounding a tumour is unknown. Design Flow cytometry and single-cell
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Novel insights into causal effects of serum lipids and lipid-modifying targets on cholelithiasis Gut (IF 24.5) Pub Date : 2024-03-01 Lanlan Chen, Wei Qiu, Xiaodong Sun, Menghan Gao, Yuexuan Zhao, Mingyue Li, Zhongqi Fan, Guoyue Lv
Objective Different serum lipids and lipid-modifying targets should affect the risk of cholelithiasis differently, however, whether such effects are causal is still controversial and we aimed to answer this question. Design We prospectively estimated the associations of four serum lipids with cholelithiasis in UK Biobank using the Cox proportional hazard model, including total cholesterol (TC), low-density
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Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease and risk of cardiovascular disease Gut (IF 24.5) Pub Date : 2024-03-01 Hyeok-Hee Lee, Han Ah Lee, Eun-Jin Kim, Hwi Young Kim, Hyeon Chang Kim, Sang Hoon Ahn, Hokyou Lee, Seung Up Kim
Objective We explored clinical implications of the new definition of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) by assessing its prevalence and associated cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. Design From nationwide health screening data, we identified 9 775 066 adults aged 20–79 who underwent health examination in 2009. Participants were categorised into four mutually exclusive
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Early-life exposures and the microbiome: implications for IBD prevention Gut (IF 24.5) Pub Date : 2024-03-01 Lin Zhang, Manasi Agrawal, Siew C Ng, Tine Jess
The early-life period is one of microbiome establishment and immune maturation. Early-life exposures are increasingly being recognised to play an important role in IBD risk. The composition of functions of the gut microbiome in the prenatal, perinatal, and postnatal period may be crucial towards development of health or disease, including IBD, later in life. We herein present a comprehensive summary
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Haemorrhoidal disease reduces the risk of diverticular disease and irritable bowel syndrome: a Mendelian randomisation study Gut (IF 24.5) Pub Date : 2024-03-01 Zijun Zhu, Xinyu Chen, Chao Wang, Sainan Zhang, Liang Cheng
Zheng et al 1 reported the first genome-wide association study (GWAS) to identify genetic risk factors of haemorrhoidal disease (HEM). In the study, the authors observed that HEM patients had a higher incidence of gastrointestinal domains, particularly diverticular disease and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Subsequently, they concluded the standpoint by analysing healthcare records, diagnoses and
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Over-the-scope clips versus standard therapy in upper gastrointestinal bleeding Gut (IF 24.5) Pub Date : 2024-03-01 Benjamin Meier, Arthur Schmidt, Karel Caca
We read with high interest the randomised controlled trial (RCT) of Chan et al investigating over-the-scope clips (OTSC) versus standard therapy for the prevention of rebleeding in large (≥1.5 cm) peptic ulcers.1 However, this study and some aspects of study design deserve further critical evaluation and interpretation. One hundred patients with peptic ulcer bleeding and lesion size ≥1.5 cm were randomised