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Construction of exosome-loaded LL-37 and its protection against zika virus infection Antivir. Res. (IF 7.6) Pub Date : 2024-03-08 Chen Wang, Min Li, Xiaohui Xia, Yuxuan Fu, Yi Wang, Wei Xu, Hongqi Wei, Lin Wei
Zika virus (ZIKV) is an enveloped, single-stranded and positive-stranded RNA virus of the genus in the family . ZIKV can cross the placental barrier and infect the fetus, causing microcephaly, congenital ZIKV syndrome, and even fetal death. ZIKV infection can also lead to testicular damage and male sterility. But no effective drugs and vaccines are available up to now. Previous studies have shown that
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A virus-like particle candidate vaccine based on CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing technology elicits broad-spectrum protection against SARS-CoV-2 Antivir. Res. (IF 7.6) Pub Date : 2024-03-05 Weiqi Wang, Shen Wang, Xianyong Meng, Yongkun Zhao, Nan Li, Tiecheng Wang, Na Feng, Feihu Yan, Xianzhu Xia
The emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants with frequent mutations has seriously damaged the effectiveness of the 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) vaccine. There is an urgent need to develop a broad-spectrum vaccine while elucidating the underlying immune mechanisms. Here, we developed a SARS-CoV-2 virus-like particles (VLPs) vaccine based on the Canarypox-virus
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Glycan-directed SARS-CoV-2 inhibition by leek extract and lectins with insights into the mode-of-action of Concanavalin A Antivir. Res. (IF 7.6) Pub Date : 2024-03-05 Maja Klevanski, Heeyoung Kim, Mike Heilemann, Thomas Kuner, Ralf Bartenschlager
Four years after its outbreak, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) remains a global challenge for human health. At its surface, SARS-CoV-2 features numerous extensively glycosylated spike proteins. This glycan coat supports virion docking and entry into host cells and at the same time renders the virus less susceptible to neutralizing antibodies. Given the high genetic plasticity
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SARS-CoV-2 virus-like particle variants alpha and delta mimic the native viruses in their differential inflammasome activating potential Antivir. Res. (IF 7.6) Pub Date : 2024-03-05 Magdalena Bandyszewska, Magdalena Ambrożek-Latecka, Grażyna Hoser, Małgorzata Grzanka, Franziska Hornung, Stefanie Deinhardt-Emmer, Tomasz Skirecki
The emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants are evolving to evade human immunity and differ in their pathogenicity. While evasion of the variants from adaptive immunity is widely investigated, there is a paucity of knowledge about their interactions with innate immunity. Inflammasome assembly is one of the most potent mechanisms of the early innate response to viruses, but when it is inappropriate, it can perpetuate
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The host-targeted antiviral drug Zapnometinib exhibits a high barrier to the development of SARS-CoV-2 resistance Antivir. Res. (IF 7.6) Pub Date : 2024-03-02 André Schreiber, Franziska Rodner, Nicole Oberberg, Darisuren Anhlan, Stefan Bletz, Alexander Mellmann, Oliver Planz, Stephan Ludwig
Host targeting antiviral drugs (HTA) are directed against cellular mechanisms which can be exploited by viruses. These mechanisms are essential for viral replication, because missing functions cannot be compensated by the virus. However, this assumption needs experimental proof. Here we compared the HTA Zapnometinib (ZMN), with direct acting antivirals (DAA) (Remdesivir (RDV), Molnupiravir (MPV), Nirmatrelvir
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Third International Conference on Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever in Thessaloniki, Greece, September 19–21, 2023 Antivir. Res. (IF 7.6) Pub Date : 2024-02-29 Stephen R. Welch, Aura R. Garrison, Dennis A. Bente, Felicity Burt, Jake D'Addiego, Stephanie Devignot, Stuart Dowall, Kerstin Fischer, David W. Hawman, Roger Hewson, Ali Mirazimi, Lisa Oestereich, Zati Vatansever, Jessica R. Spengler, Anna Papa
The Third International Conference on Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever (CCHF) was held in Thessaloniki, Greece, September 19–21, 2023, bringing together a diverse group of international partners, including public health professionals, clinicians, ecologists, epidemiologists, immunologists, and virologists. The conference was attended by 118 participants representing 24 countries and the World Health
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Virological and clinical outcomes in outpatients treated with baloxavir or neuraminidase inhibitors for A(H3N2) influenza: A multicenter study of the 2022–2023 season Antivir. Res. (IF 7.6) Pub Date : 2024-02-29 Takeyuki Goto, Naoki Kawai, Takuma Bando, Yoshio Takasaki, Shizuo Shindo, Naoki Tani, Yong Chong, Hideyuki Ikematsu
While clinical trials have illuminated both the virological and clinical efficacy of baloxavir for influenza and post-treatment viral resistance, these aspects warrant further study in real-world settings. In response, we executed a prospective, observational study of the Japanese 2022–2023 influenza season. A cohort of 73 A(H3N2)-diagnosed outpatients—36 treated with baloxavir, 20 with oseltamivir
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Prophylactic effect of ensitrelvir in mice infected with SARS-CoV-2 Antivir. Res. (IF 7.6) Pub Date : 2024-02-28 Haruaki Nobori, Keiko Baba, Takayuki Kuroda, Kaoru Baba, Kazumi Matsumoto, Shinpei Yoshida, Ryosuke Watari, Yuki Tachibana, Teruhisa Kato, Keita Fukao
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the etiological cause of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and continues to be a major health concern worldwide. Strategies to protect individuals at high risk of COVID-19 are critical but are currently a largely unmet need. We evaluated the oral antiviral drug ensitrelvir, which specifically targets the SARS-CoV-2 3CL protease, for
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The combination of pleconaril, rupintrivir, and remdesivir efficiently inhibits enterovirus infections in vitro, delaying the development of drug-resistant virus variants Antivir. Res. (IF 7.6) Pub Date : 2024-02-26 Aleksandr Ianevski, Irene Trøen Frøysa, Hilde Lysvand, Carlemi Calitz, Teemu Smura, Hans-Johnny Schjelderup Nilsen, Erling Høyer, Jan Egil Afset, Adithya Sridhar, Katja C. Wolthers, Eva Zusinaite, Tanel Tenson, Reet Kurg, Valentyn Oksenych, Angel S. Galabov, Adelina Stoyanova, Magnar Bjørås, Denis E. Kainov
Enteroviruses are a significant global health concern, causing a spectrum of diseases from the common cold to more severe conditions like hand-foot-and-mouth disease, meningitis, myocarditis, pancreatitis, and poliomyelitis. Current treatment options for these infections are limited, underscoring the urgent need for effective therapeutic strategies. To find better treatment option we analyzed toxicity
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Methyl rosmarinate is an allosteric inhibitor of SARS-CoV-2 3 CL protease as a potential candidate against SARS-cov-2 infection Antivir. Res. (IF 7.6) Pub Date : 2024-02-24 Hongtao Li, Meng Sun, Fuzhi Lei, Jinfeng Liu, Xixiang Chen, Yaqi Li, Ying Wang, Jiani Lu, Danmei Yu, Yueqiu Gao, Jianrong Xu, Hongzhuan Chen, Man Li, Zhigang Yi, Xiao He, Lili Chen
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has been ongoing for more than three years and urgently needs to be addressed. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) prescriptions have played an important role in the clinical treatment of patients with COVID-19 in China. However, it is difficult to uncover the potential molecular mechanisms
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An in vivo duck hepatitis B virus model recapitulates key aspects of nucleic acid polymer treatment outcomes in chronic hepatitis B patients Antivir. Res. (IF 7.6) Pub Date : 2024-02-23 Yannick Debing, Hannah Vanrusselt, Lars Degrauwe, Daniel Apolônio Silva de Oliveira, Christopher Kinyanjui Kariuki, Ebanja Joseph Ebwanga, Shahbaz Bashir, Wouter Merckx, Santhosh Kumar Thatikonda, Vivek Rajwanshi, Vikrant Gohil, Jin Hong, Dieudonné Buh Kum, Abel Acosta Sanchez, Sushmita Chanda, Lawrence M. Blatt, Andreas Jekle, Julian A. Symons, David B. Smith, Pierre Raboisson, Tse-I Lin, Leonid Beigelman
Nucleic acid polymers (NAPs) are an attractive treatment modality for chronic hepatitis B (CHB), with REP2139 and REP2165 having shown efficacy in CHB patients. A subset of patients achieve functional cure, whereas the others exhibit a moderate response or are non-responders. NAP efficacy has been difficult to recapitulate in animal models, with the duck hepatitis B virus (DHBV) model showing some
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The α-dystroglycan N-terminus is a broad-spectrum antiviral agent against SARS-CoV-2 and enveloped viruses Antivir. Res. (IF 7.6) Pub Date : 2024-02-20 Maria Giulia Bigotti, Katja Klein, Esther S. Gan, Maria Anastasina, Simon Andersson, Olli Vapalahti, Pekka Katajisto, Maximilian Erdmann, Andrew D. Davidson, Sarah J. Butcher, Ian Collinson, Eng Eong Ooi, Giuseppe Balistreri, Andrea Brancaccio, Yohei Yamauchi
The COVID-19 pandemic has shown the need to develop effective therapeutics in preparedness for further epidemics of virus infections that pose a significant threat to human health. As a natural compound antiviral candidate, we focused on α-dystroglycan, a highly glycosylated basement membrane protein that links the extracellular matrix to the intracellular cytoskeleton. Here we show that the N-terminal
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Mechanism of action of phthalazinone derivatives against rabies virus Antivir. Res. (IF 7.6) Pub Date : 2024-02-18 Victoire Perraud, Bart Vanderhoydonck, Guillaume Bouvier, Guilherme Dias de Melo, Amuri Kilonda, Mohamed Koukni, Dirk Jochmans, Sophie Rogée, Youcef Ben Khalifa, Lauriane Kergoat, Julien Lannoy, Tina Van Buyten, Nadia Izadi-Pruneyre, Patrick Chaltin, Johan Neyts, Arnaud Marchand, Florence Larrous, Hervé Bourhy
Rabies, a viral zoonosis, is responsible for almost 59,000 deaths each year, despite the existence of an effective post-exposure prophylaxis. Indeed, rabies causes acute encephalomyelitis, with a case-fatality rate of 100 % after the onset of neurological clinical signs. Therefore, the development of therapies to inhibit the rabies virus (RABV) is crucial. Here, we identified, from a 30,000 compound
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Neutralizing antibodies to block viral entry and for identification of entry inhibitors Antivir. Res. (IF 7.6) Pub Date : 2024-02-17 Ee Hong Tam, Yu Peng, Megan Xin Yan Cheah, Chuan Yan, Tianshu Xiao
Neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) are naturally produced by our immune system to combat viral infections. Clinically, neutralizing antibodies with potent efficacy and high specificity have been extensively used to prevent and treat a wide variety of viral infections, including Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), Dengue Virus (DENV) and Hepatitis
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Molnupiravir inhibits human norovirus and rotavirus replication in 3D human intestinal enteroids Antivir. Res. (IF 7.6) Pub Date : 2024-02-17 Nanci Santos-Ferreira, Jana Van Dycke, Winston Chiu, Johan Neyts, Jelle Matthijnssens, Joana Rocha-Pereira
Human norovirus (HuNoV) and human rotavirus (HRV) are the leading causes of gastrointestinal diarrhea. There are no approved antivirals and rotavirus vaccines are insufficient to cease HRV associated mortality. Furthermore, treatment of chronically infected immunocompromised patients is limited to off-label compassionate use of repurposed antivirals with limited efficacy, highlighting the urgent need
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Porcine interferon-α linked to the porcine IgG-Fc induces prolonged and broad-spectrum antiviral effects against foot-and-mouth disease virus Antivir. Res. (IF 7.6) Pub Date : 2024-02-14 Gyeongmin Lee, Aro Kim, Hyo Rin Kang, Ji-Hyeon Hwang, Jong-Hyeon Park, Min Ja Lee, Byounghan Kim, Su-Mi Kim
Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is an economically important disease, and the FMD virus (FMDV) can spread rapidly in susceptible animals. FMD is usually controlled through vaccination. However, commercial FMD vaccines are only effective 4–7 days after vaccination. Furthermore, FMDV comprises seven serotypes and various topotypes, and these aspects should be considered when selecting a vaccine. Antiviral
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Discovery of cyperenoic acid as a potent and novel entry inhibitor of influenza A virus Antivir. Res. (IF 7.6) Pub Date : 2024-02-11 Xiaoli Zhang, Yiping Xia, Peibo Li, Zhongnan Wu, Ruilin Li, Jialiao Cai, Yubo Zhang, Guocai Wang, Yaolan Li, Wei Tang, Weiwei Su
Influenza therapeutics with new targets and modes of action are urgently needed due to the frequent emergence of mutants resistant to currently available anti-influenza drugs. Here we report the and anti-influenza A virus activities of cyperenoic acid, a natural compound, which was isolated from a Chinese medicine Geise. Cyperenoic acid could potently suppress H1N1, H3N2 and H9N2 virus replication
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Unmasking the potential of secretory IgA and its pivotal role in protection from respiratory viruses Antivir. Res. (IF 7.6) Pub Date : 2024-02-06 Divya Sinha, Melyssa Yaugel-Novoa, Louis Waeckel, Stéphane Paul, Stéphanie Longet
Mucosal immunity has regained its spotlight amidst the ongoing Coronavirus Disease 19 (COVID-19) pandemic, with numerous studies highlighting the crucial role of mucosal secretory IgA (SIgA) in protection against SARS-CoV-2 infections. The observed limitations in the efficacy of currently authorized COVID-19 vaccines in inducing effective mucosal immune responses remind us of the limitations of systemic
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Identification and assessment of the 1,6-dihydroxy-pyridin-2-one moiety as privileged scaffold for HBV ribonuclease H inhibition Antivir. Res. (IF 7.6) Pub Date : 2024-02-05 Erofili Giannakopoulou, Vasiliki Pardali, Tiffany C. Edwards, Molly Woodson, Razia Tajwar, John E. Tavis, Grigoris Zoidis
The Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) ribonuclease H (RNase H) although promising remains an unexploited therapeutic target. HBV RNase H inhibition causes premature termination of viral minus-polarity DNA strands, prevents the synthesis of the viral positive-polarity DNA strand, and causes accumulation of RNA:DNA heteroduplexes within viral capsids. As part of our ongoing research to develop more potent anti-HBV
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Miltefosine reduces coxsackievirus B3 lethality of mice with enhanced STAT3 activation Antivir. Res. (IF 7.6) Pub Date : 2024-02-02 Chun Yu Zhang, Cheng-Huei Hung, Yi-Ling Hsiao, Tung-Miao Chang, Yu-Chieh Su, Li-Chiu Wang, Shih-Min Wang, Shun-Hua Chen
Coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3), one serotype of enteroviruses, can induce fatal myocarditis and hepatitis in neonates, but both treatment and vaccine are unavailable. Few reports tested antivirals to reduce CVB3. Several antivirals were developed against other enterovirus serotypes, but these antivirals failed in clinical trials due to side effects and drug resistance. Repurposing of clinical drugs targeting
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An adenovirus-vectored vaccine based on the N protein of feline coronavirus elicit robust protective immune responses Antivir. Res. (IF 7.6) Pub Date : 2024-02-02 Yuanhong Wang, Yun Liu, Junna Wang, Miao Zhang, Xiaoying Deng, Junhan Song, Jie Zhu, Lingxue Yu, Guoxin Li, Guangqing Liu
Feline coronavirus (FCoV) is an unsegmented, single-stranded RNA virus belonging to the genus. It can cause fatal feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) in cats of any ages. Currently, there are no effective prevention and control measures to against FCoV. In this study, we developed a recombinant adenovirus vaccine, AD5-N, based on the nucleocapsid(N) protein of FCoV. The immunogenicity of AD5-N was
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Therapeutic antibodies and alternative formats against SARS-CoV-2 Antivir. Res. (IF 7.6) Pub Date : 2024-02-01 Rahel R. Winiger, Laurent Perez
The COVID-19 pandemic caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) heavily burdened the entire world. Despite a prompt generation of vaccines and therapeutics to confront infection, the virus remains a threat. The ancestor viral strain has evolved into several variants of concern, with the Omicron variant now having many distinct sublineages. Consequently, most available antibodies
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Human neural progenitor cell models to study the antiviral effects and neuroprotective potential of approved and investigational human cytomegalovirus inhibitors Antivir. Res. (IF 7.6) Pub Date : 2024-01-28 Marta Trevisan, Anna Pianezzola, Marco Onorati, Lorenzo Apolloni, Mauro Pistello, Ravit Arav-Boger, Giorgio Palù, Beatrice Mercorelli, Arianna Loregian
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Drug repurposing platform for deciphering the druggable SARS-CoV-2 interactome Antivir. Res. (IF 7.6) Pub Date : 2024-01-24 Mariia S. Bogacheva, Suvi Kuivanen, Swapnil Potdar, Antti Hassinen, Sini Huuskonen, Ina Pöhner, Tamara J. Luck, Laura Turunen, Michaela Feodoroff, Leonora Szirovicza, Kirsi Savijoki, Jani Saarela, Päivi Tammela, Lassi Paavolainen, Antti Poso, Markku Varjosalo, Olli Kallioniemi, Vilja Pietiäinen, Olli Vapalahti
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A lipid index for risk of hyperlipidemia caused by anti-retroviral drugs Antivir. Res. (IF 7.6) Pub Date : 2024-01-23 Mari Shimura, Nobuyo Higashi-Kuwata, Asuka Fujiwara, Mai Taniguchi, Takayuki Ichinose, Fumie Hamano, Masaaki Uematsu, Takato Inoue, Satoshi Matsuyama, Takahiro Suzuki, Arun K. Ghosh, Hideo Shindou, Takao Shimuzu, Hiroaki Mitsuya
HIV-associated lipodystrophy has been reported in people taking anti-retroviral therapy (ART). Lipodystrophy can cause cardiovascular diseases, affecting the quality of life of HIV-infected individuals. In this study, we propose a pharmacological lipid index to estimate the risk of hyperlipidemia caused by anti-retroviral drugs. Lipid droplets were stained in cells treated with anti-retroviral drugs
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Discovery of new antiviral agents through artificial intelligence: In vitro and in vivo results Antivir. Res. (IF 7.6) Pub Date : 2024-01-25 Roza Izmailyan, Mher Matevosyan, Hamlet Khachatryan, Anastasiya Shavina, Smbat Gevorgyan, Artur Ghazaryan, Irina Tirosyan, Yeva Gabrielyan, Marusya Ayvazyan, Boris Martirosyan, Vardan Harutyunyan, Hovakim Zakaryan
In this research, we employed a deep reinforcement learning (RL)-based molecule design platform to generate a diverse set of compounds targeting the neuraminidase (NA) of influenza A and B viruses. A total of 60,291 compounds were generated, of which 86.5 % displayed superior physicochemical properties compared to oseltamivir. After narrowing down the selection through computational filters, nine compounds
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Generation and evaluation of protease inhibitor-resistant SARS-CoV-2 strains Antivir. Res. (IF 7.6) Pub Date : 2024-01-24 Hawa Sophia Bouzidi, Jean-Sélim Driouich, Raphaëlle Klitting, Ornéllie Bernadin, Géraldine Piorkowski, Rayane Amaral, Laurent Fraisse, Charles E. Mowbray, Ivan Scandale, Fanny Escudié, Eric Chatelain, Xavier de Lamballerie, Antoine Nougairède, Franck Touret
Since the start of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, the search for antiviral therapies has been at the forefront of medical research. To date, the 3CLpro inhibitor nirmatrelvir (Paxlovid®) has shown the best results in clinical trials and the greatest robustness against variants. A second SARS-CoV-2 protease inhibitor, ensitrelvir (Xocova®), has been developed. Ensitrelvir, currently in Phase 3, was approved
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Antiviral effect of peptoids on hepatitis B virus infection in cell culture Antivir. Res. (IF 7.6) Pub Date : 2024-01-23 Asako Murayama, Hitomi Igarashi, Norie Yamada, Hussein Hassan Aly, Natalia Molchanova, Jennifer S. Lin, Hironori Nishitsuji, Kunitada Shimotohno, Masamichi Muramatsu, Annelise E. Barron, Takanobu Kato
Although antimicrobial peptides have been shown to inactivate viruses through disruption of their viral envelopes, clinical use of such peptides has been hampered by a number of factors, especially their enzymatically unstable structures. To overcome the shortcomings of antimicrobial peptides, peptoids (sequence-specific N-substituted glycine oligomers) mimicking antimicrobial peptides have been developed
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HAND2 suppresses favipiravir efficacy in treatment of Borna disease virus infection Antivir. Res. (IF 7.6) Pub Date : 2024-01-21 Da Teng, Keiji Ueda, Tomoyuki Honda
Borna disease virus (BoDV-1) is a bornavirus prototype that infects the central nervous system of various animal species and can cause fatal encephalitis in various animals including humans. Among the reported anti-BoDV-1 treatments, favipiravir (T-705) is one of the best candidates since it has been shown to be effective in reducing various bornavirus titers in cell culture. However, T-705 effectiveness
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An intranasally delivered ultra-conserved siRNA prophylactically represses SARS-CoV-2 infection in the lung and nasal cavity. Antivir. Res. (IF 7.6) Pub Date : 2024-01-19 Adi Idris, Aroon Supramaniam, Yaman Tayyar, Gabrielle Kelly, Nigel A.J. McMillan, Kevin V. Morris
There remains a striking overall mortality burden of COVID-19 worldwide. Given the waning effectiveness of current SARS-CoV-2 antivirals due to the rapid emergence of new variants of concern (VOC), we employed a direct-acting molecular therapy approach using gene silencing RNA interference (RNAi) technology. In this study, we developed and screened several ultra-conserved small-interfering RNAs (siRNAs)
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High-throughput drug screen identifies calcium and calmodulin inhibitors that reduce JCPyV infection Antivir. Res. (IF 7.6) Pub Date : 2024-01-19 Avery C.S. Bond, Mason A. Crocker, Michael P. Wilczek, Jeanne K. DuShane, Amanda L. Sandberg, Lucas J. Bennett, Nicholas R. Leclerc, Melissa S. Maginnis
JC polyomavirus (JCPyV) is a nonenveloped, double-stranded DNA virus that infects the majority of the population. Immunocompetent individuals harbor infection in their kidneys, while severe immunosuppression can result in JCPyV spread to the brain, causing the neurodegenerative disease progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML). Due to a lack of approved therapies to treat JCPyV and PML, the
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Molecular mechanism of rhinovirus escape from the Pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine capsid-binding inhibitor OBR-5-340 via mutations distant from the binding pocket: Derivatives that brake resistance Antivir. Res. (IF 7.6) Pub Date : 2024-01-18 Martina Richter, Kristin Döring, Dieter Blaas, Olga Riabova, Maria Khrenova, Elena Kazakova, Anna Egorova, Vadim Makarov, Michaela Schmidtke
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Activation of cGAS-STING suppresses coxsackievirus replication via interferon-dependent signaling Antivir. Res. (IF 7.6) Pub Date : 2024-01-18 Yasir Mohamud, Cathy Fu, Yiyun Michelle Fan, Yizhuo Lyanne Zhang, Jing Fei Carly Lin, Sinwoo Wendy Hwang, Zhihan Claire Wang, Honglin Luo
Coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3) is a non-enveloped, single-stranded, positive RNA virus known for its role in provoking inflammatory diseases that affect the heart, pancreas, and brain, leading to conditions such as myocarditis, pancreatitis, and meningitis. Currently, there are no FDA-approved drugs treating CVB3 infection; therefore, identifying potential molecular targets for antiviral drug development
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Promises and challenges of single-domain antibodies to control influenza Antivir. Res. (IF 7.6) Pub Date : 2024-01-12 Arne Matthys, Xavier Saelens
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TXM peptides inhibit SARS-CoV-2 infection, syncytia formation, and lower inflammatory consequences Antivir. Res. (IF 7.6) Pub Date : 2024-01-09 Tea Govednik, Duško Lainšček, Urška Kuhar, Marva Lachish, Sandra Janežič, Malan Štrbenc, Uroš Krapež, Roman Jerala, Daphne Atlas, Mateja Manček-Keber
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Chromatin binding protein HMGN1 promotes HBV cccDNA transcription and replication by regulating the phosphorylation of histone 3 Antivir. Res. (IF 7.6) Pub Date : 2024-01-03 Tan Ming, Liu Yuting, Dong Meiling, Cheng Shengtao, Ren Jihua, Zhang Hui, Chen Wanjin, Li Dian, Gao Tingting, Chen Juan, Zhang Zhenzhen
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Genetically modified pigs lacking CD163 PSTII-domain-coding exon 13 are completely resistant to PRRSV infection Antivir. Res. (IF 7.6) Pub Date : 2024-01-04 Brianna Salgado, Rafael Bautista Rivas, Derek Pinto, Tad S. Sonstegard, Daniel F. Carlson, Kyra Martins, Jonathan R. Bostrom, Yamlak Sinebo, Raymond R.R. Rowland, Alberto Brandariz-Nuñez
CD163 expressed on cell surface of porcine alveolar macrophages (PAMs) serves as a cellular entry receptor for porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV). The extracellular portion of CD163 contains nine scavenger receptor cysteine-rich (SRCR) and two proline-serine-threonine (PST) domains. Genomic editing of pigs to remove the entire CD163 or just the SRCR5 domain confers resistance
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Oral USC-093, a novel homoserinamide analogue of the tyrosinamide (S)-HPMPA prodrug USC-087 has decreased nephrotoxicity while maintaining antiviral efficacy against human adenovirus infection of Syrian hamsters Antivir. Res. (IF 7.6) Pub Date : 2024-01-06 Ann E. Tollefson, Samantha B. Riemann, Baoling Ying, Jacqueline F. Spencer, Justin M. Overhulse, Boris A. Kashemirov, William S.M. Wold, Charles E. McKenna, Karoly Toth
Adenovirus infections of immunocompromised humans are a significant source of morbidity and mortality. Presently, there is no drug specifically approved for the treatment of adenovirus infections by the FDA. The state-of-the-art treatment of such infections is the off-label use of cidofovir, an acyclic nucleotide phosphonate. While cidofovir inhibits adenovirus replication, it has dose-limiting kidney
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Assessment of the broad-spectrum host targeting antiviral efficacy of halofuginone hydrobromide in human airway, intestinal and brain organotypic models. Antivir. Res. (IF 7.6) Pub Date : 2024-01-06 Inés García-Rodríguez, Giulia Moreni, Pamela E. Capendale, Lance Mulder, Ikrame Aknouch, Renata Vieira de Sá, Nina Johannesson, Eline Freeze, Hetty van Eijk, Gerrit Koen, Katja C. Wolthers, Dasja Pajkrt, Adithya Sridhar, Carlemi Calitz
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PZR suppresses innate immune response to RNA viral infection by inhibiting MAVS activation in interferon signaling mediated by RIG-I and MDA5 Antivir. Res. (IF 7.6) Pub Date : 2024-01-05 Rilin Deng, Lini Zhang, Shengwen Chen, Xinran Li, Binbin Xue, Huiyi Li, Yan Xu, Renyun Tian, Qian Liu, Luoling Wang, Shun Liu, Di Yang, Penghui Li, Songqing Tang, Haizhen Zhu
RNA viral infections seriously endanger human health. Src homology 2 (SH2) domain-containing protein tyrosine phosphatase 2 (SHP2) suppresses innate immunity against influenza A virus, and pharmacological inhibition of SHP2 provokes hepatic innate immunity. SHP2 binds and catalyzes tyrosyl dephosphorylation of protein zero-related (PZR), but the regulatory effect of PZR on innate immune response to
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Feline infectious peritonitis virus ORF7a is a virulence factor involved in inflammatory pathology in cats Antivir. Res. (IF 7.6) Pub Date : 2024-01-03 Zhe Jiao, Pengpeng Wang, Xiaoshuai Hu, Yixi Chen, Juan Xu, Jintao Zhang, Benyuan Wu, Ruxue Luo, Yuejun Shi, Guiqing Peng
A hyperinflammatory response is a prominent feature of feline infectious peritonitis (FIP), but the mechanisms behind the feline infectious peritonitis virus (FIPV)-induced cytokine storm in the host have not been clarified. Studies have shown that coronaviruses encode accessory proteins that are involved in viral replication and associated with viral virulence, the inflammatory response and immune
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The absence of seroconversion after exposition to hepatitis C virus is not related to KIR-HLA genotype combinations (GEHEP-012 study) Antivir. Res. (IF 7.6) Pub Date : 2024-01-03 Carmen Martín-Sierra, María José Bravo, María Eugenia Sáez, Itziar De Rojas, Marta Santos, Jesica Martín-Carmona, Anaïs Corma-Gómez, Alejandro González-Serna, José Luis Royo, Juan A. Pineda, Antonio Rivero, Antonio Rivero-Juárez, Juan Macías, Luis Miguel Real
It has been reported that specific killer-cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs) and HLA genotype combinations, such as KIR2DS4/HLA-C1 with presence of KIRDL2 or KIRDL3, homozygous KIRDL3/HLA-C1 and KIR3DL1/≥2HLA-Bw4, are strongly associated with the lack of active infection and seroconversion after exposition to hepatitis C virus (HCV). To determine whether these KIR-HLA combinations are relevant
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Deubiquitinase USP39 promotes SARS-CoV-2 replication by deubiquitinating and stabilizing the envelope protein Antivir. Res. (IF 7.6) Pub Date : 2023-12-27 Xiang Chen, Li Tian, Linran Zhang, Wenying Gao, Miao Yu, Zhaolong Li, Wenyan Zhang
The SARS-CoV-2 envelope (E) protein is highly conserved among different viral variants and important for viral assembly and production. Our recent study found that the E protein is ubiquitinated and degraded by the E3 ligase RNF5 through the proteasome pathway. However, whether E ubiquitination can be reversed by host deubiquitinase has not yet been determined. Here, we identify by mass spectrum analysis
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Ganciclovir and maribavir cross-resistance revisited: Relative drug susceptibilities of canonical cytomegalovirus mutants Antivir. Res. (IF 7.6) Pub Date : 2023-12-30 Sunwen Chou, Justin Watanabe
Therapeutic use of maribavir for human cytomegalovirus infection has renewed attention to the extent of cross-resistance with ganciclovir as the existing standard therapy. Each drug selects in vivo for a characteristic set of resistance mutations in the viral UL97 kinase gene. To improve the calibration of relative susceptibilities to each drug, genetic variants at relevant UL97 codons were extensively
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Current state and challenges in respiratory syncytial virus drug discovery and development Antivir. Res. (IF 7.6) Pub Date : 2023-12-29 Gang Zou, Sushan Cao, Zhao Gao, Junming Yie, Jim Zhen Wu
Human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a leading cause of lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI) in young children and elderly people worldwide. Recent significant progress in our understanding of the structure and function of RSV proteins has led to the discovery of several clinical candidates targeting RSV fusion and replication. These include both the development of novel small molecule interventions
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Next-generation bNAbs for HIV-1 cure strategies Antivir. Res. (IF 7.6) Pub Date : 2023-12-28 A.I. Schriek, Y.L.T. Aldon, M.J. van Gils, S.W. de Taeye
Despite the ability to suppress viral replication using anti-retroviral therapy (ART), HIV-1 remains a global public health problem. Curative strategies for HIV-1 have to target and eradicate latently infected cells across the body, i.e. the viral reservoir. Broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) targeting the HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein (Env) have the capacity to neutralize virions and bind to infected
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A flexible, image-based, high-throughput platform encompassing in-depth cell profiling to identify broad-spectrum coronavirus antivirals with limited off-target effects Antivir. Res. (IF 7.6) Pub Date : 2023-12-27 Jordi Doijen, Inha Heo, Koen Temmerman, Peter Vermeulen, Annick Diels, Steffen Jaensch, Mark Burcin, Nick Van den Broeck, Valerie Raeymaekers, Joren Peremans, Katrien Konings, Maxime Clement, Danielle Peeters, Marnix Van Loock, Anil Koul, Christophe Buyck, Michiel Van Gool, Ellen Van Damme
The recent pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) posed a major threat to global health. Although the World Health Organization ended the public health emergency status, antiviral drugs are needed to address new variants of SARS-CoV-2 and future pandemics. To identify novel broad-spectrum coronavirus drugs, we developed a high-content imaging platform compatible
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ESCRT machinery and virus infection Antivir. Res. (IF 7.6) Pub Date : 2023-12-24 Jun Dai, Yiyi Feng, Ying Liao, Lei Tan, Yingjie Sun, Cuiping Song, Xusheng Qiu, Chan Ding
The endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT) machinery plays a significant role in the spread of human viruses. However, our understanding of how the host ESCRT machinery responds to viral infection remains limited. Emerging evidence suggests that the ESCRT machinery can be hijacked by viruses of different families to enhance their replication. Throughout their life cycle, these viruses
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A molecular perspective for the development of antibodies against the human respiratory syncytial virus Antivir. Res. (IF 7.6) Pub Date : 2023-12-24 Ricardo A. Loaiza, Robinson A. Ramírez, Javiera Sepúlveda-Alfaro, Mario A. Ramírez, Catalina A. Andrade, Jorge A. Soto, Pablo A. González, Susan M. Bueno, Alexis M. Kalergis
The human respiratory syncytial virus (hRSV) is the leading etiologic agent causing respiratory infections in infants, children, older adults, and patients with comorbidities. Sixty-seven years have passed since the discovery of hRSV, and only a few successful mitigation or treatment tools have been developed against this virus. One of these is immunotherapy with monoclonal antibodies against structural
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Pralatrexate inhibited the replication of varicella zoster virus and vesicular stomatitis virus: An old dog with new tricks Antivir. Res. (IF 7.6) Pub Date : 2023-12-23 Jing Wu, Yurong Cai, Na Jiang, Yajie Qian, Ruining Lyu, Qiao You, Fang Zhang, Hongji Tao, Haotian Zhu, Waqas Nawaz, Deyan Chen, Zhiwei Wu
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Broadly neutralizing antibodies to combat influenza virus infection Antivir. Res. (IF 7.6) Pub Date : 2023-12-23 Xiaoyu Sun, Hanwen Ma, Xuanjia Wang, Zhiheng Bao, Shubing Tang, Chunyan Yi, Bing Sun
The diversified classification and continuous alteration of influenza viruses underscore for antivirals and vaccines that can counter a broad range of influenza subtypes. Hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) are two principle viral surface targets for broadly neutralizing antibodies. A series of monoclonal antibodies, targeting HA and NA, have been discovered and characterized with a wide range
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Investigating the virulence of coxsackievirus B6 strains and antiviral treatments in a neonatal murine model Antivir. Res. (IF 7.6) Pub Date : 2023-12-12 Changjian Fang, Wenkun Fu, Nanyi Liu, Huan Zhao, Canyang Zhao, Kang Yu, Che Liu, Zhichao Yin, Longfa Xu, Ningshao Xia, Wei Wang, Tong Cheng
Coxsackievirus B6 (CVB6), a member of the human enterovirus family, is associated with severe diseases such as myocarditis in children. However, to date, only a limited number of CVB6 strains have been identified, and their characterization in animal models has been lacking. To address this gap, in this study, a neonatal murine model of CVB6 infection was established to compare the replication and
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Mechanism of interferon alpha therapy for chronic hepatitis B and potential approaches to improve its therapeutic efficacy Antivir. Res. (IF 7.6) Pub Date : 2023-12-17 Qiong Zhao, Hui Liu, Liudi Tang, Fuxuan Wang, Gideon Tolufashe, Jinhong Chang, Ju-Tao Guo
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) chronically infects 296 million people worldwide and causes more than 820,000 deaths annually due to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Current standard-of-care medications for chronic hepatitis B (CHB) include nucleos(t)ide analogue (NA) viral DNA polymerase inhibitors and pegylated interferon alpha (PEG–IFN–α). NAs can efficiently suppress viral replication and improve
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Targeted mutagenesis of the β-strand DNA binding region of African swine fever virus histone-like protein (pA104R) impairs DNA-binding activity and antibody recognition Antivir. Res. (IF 7.6) Pub Date : 2023-12-14 Ana Catarina Urbano, Nicolas Ferreira, Nuno Jordão, Fernando Boinas, Carlos Martins, Fernando Ferreira
African Swine Fever (ASF) is a highly contagious disease caused by a double-stranded DNA virus (ASFV). Despite significant advances made over the last decade, issues such as residual virulence and absence of differentiating infected from vaccinated animals (DIVA) capacity remain an obstacle in the development of live attenuated vaccines (LAVs) against ASFV. It is, therefore, necessary to identify novel
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The diverse roles of peroxisomes in the interplay between viruses and mammalian cells Antivir. Res. (IF 7.6) Pub Date : 2023-12-11 Hui Jiang, Venugopal Nair, Yingjie Sun, Chan Ding
Peroxisomes are ubiquitous organelles found in eukaryotic cells that play a critical role in the oxidative metabolism of lipids and detoxification of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Recently, the role of peroxisomes in viral infections has been extensively studied. Although several studies have reported that peroxisomes exert antiviral activity, evidence indicates that viruses have also evolved diverse
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Efficacy and safety of antiviral treatments for symptomatic COVID-19 outpatients: Systematic review and network meta-analysis Antivir. Res. (IF 7.6) Pub Date : 2023-12-05 Meital Zur, Thalia Peselev, Stav Yanko, Victoria Rotshild, Ilan Matok
Background Remdesivir, molnupiravir, and nirmatrelvir/ritonavir are three antiviral agents approved by FDA emergency authorization for treating mild to moderate symptomatic COVID-19 adult outpatients at high risk for hospitalization and death. Objectives To compare the efficacy and safety of these antivirals based on updated published RCT and real-world data. Study design This systematic review followed
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Interferon lambda receptor-1 isoforms differentially influence gene expression and HBV replication in stem cell-derived hepatocytes Antivir. Res. (IF 7.6) Pub Date : 2023-12-08 Laura A. Novotny, J. Grayson Evans, Haitao Guo, Christiana S. Kappler, Eric G. Meissner
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Nanobodies to multiple spike variants and inhalation of nanobody-containing aerosols neutralize SARS-CoV-2 in cell culture and hamsters Antivir. Res. (IF 7.6) Pub Date : 2023-12-07 Metin Aksu, Priya Kumar, Thomas Güttler, Waltraud Taxer, Kathrin Gregor, Bianka Mußil, Oleh Rymarenko, Kim M. Stegmann, Antje Dickmanns, Sabrina Gerber, Wencke Reineking, Claudia Schulz, Timo Henneck, Ahmed Mohamed, Gerhard Pohlmann, Mehmet Ramazanoglu, Kemal Mese, Uwe Groß, Tamar Ben-Yedidia, Oded Ovadia, Dirk Görlich