-
Vibrational resonance: A review Phys. Rep. (IF 30.0) Pub Date : 2024-03-18 Jianhua Yang, S. Rajasekar, Miguel A.F. Sanjuán
Over the past two decades, vibrational resonance has garnered significant interest and evolved into a prominent research field. Classical vibrational resonance examines the response of a nonlinear system excited by two signals: a weak, slowly varying characteristic signal, and a fast-varying auxiliary signal. The characteristic signal operates on a much longer time scale than the auxiliary signal.
-
A review on Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm and its variants Phys. Rep. (IF 30.0) Pub Date : 2024-03-16 Kostas Blekos, Dean Brand, Andrea Ceschini, Chiao-Hui Chou, Rui-Hao Li, Komal Pandya, Alessandro Summer
The Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm (QAOA) is a highly promising variational quantum algorithm that aims to solve combinatorial optimization problems that are classically intractable. This comprehensive review offers an overview of the current state of QAOA, encompassing its performance analysis in diverse scenarios, its applicability across various problem instances, and considerations
-
Review on f(Q) gravity Phys. Rep. (IF 30.0) Pub Date : 2024-02-24 Lavinia Heisenberg
Recent years have witnessed a rise in interest in the geometrical trinity of General Relativity and its extensions. This interest has been fuelled by novel insights into the nature of gravity, the possibility to address computational and conceptual questions—such as the determination of black hole entropy or the definition of gravitational energy–momentum—from a new perspective. In particular, gravity
-
-
Lecture notes on generalized symmetries and applications Phys. Rep. (IF 30.0) Pub Date : 2024-02-20 Ran Luo, Qing-Rui Wang, Yi-Nan Wang
In this lecture note, we give a basic introduction to the rapidly developing concepts of generalized symmetries, from the perspectives of both high energy physics and condensed matter physics. In particular, we emphasize on the (invertible) higher-form and higher group symmetries. For the physical applications, we discuss the geometric engineering of QFTs in string theory and the symmetry-protected
-
Hiding the extra dimensions: A review on scale separation in string theory Phys. Rep. (IF 30.0) Pub Date : 2024-02-16 Thibaut Coudarchet
We present an overview of both older and recent developments concerning scale separation in string theory. We focus on parametric scale separation obtained at the classical level in flux compactifications down to AdS vacua. We review the scenarios that have been proposed to achieve a hierarchy of scales between spacetime and the internal space, built from a low-dimensional perspective. We then discuss
-
-
Non-Hermitian topological magnonics Phys. Rep. (IF 30.0) Pub Date : 2024-02-09 Tao Yu, Ji Zou, Bowen Zeng, J.W. Rao, Ke Xia
Dissipation in mechanics, optics, acoustics, and electronic circuits is nowadays recognized to be not always detrimental but can be exploited to achieve non-Hermitian topological phases or properties with functionalities for potential device applications, ranging from sensors with unprecedented sensitivity, energy funneling, wave isolators, non-reciprocal signal amplification, to dissipation induced
-
ICTP lectures on (non-)invertible generalized symmetries Phys. Rep. (IF 30.0) Pub Date : 2024-02-09 Sakura Schäfer-Nameki
What comprises a global symmetry of a Quantum Field Theory (QFT) has been vastly expanded in the past 10 years to include not only symmetries acting on higher-dimensional defects, but also most recently symmetries which do not have an inverse. The principle that enables this generalization is the identification of symmetries with topological defects in the QFT. In these lectures, we provide an introduction
-
Single crystal perovskite an emerging photocatalytic and storage material: Synthesis to applications via theoretical insight Phys. Rep. (IF 30.0) Pub Date : 2024-02-08 Newmoon Priyadarshini, Sriram Mansingh, Kundan Kumar Das, Ritik Mohanty, Kaushik Parida, Gayatree Barik, Kulamani Parida
The utilization of solar energy through artificial photocatalysis has emerged as a potential candidate to tackle the surging energy crisis and staggering environmental pollution. The advancement of novel materials is one of the crucial factors for pushing the real-world application of photocatalytic energy generation, and energy storage. Recently, single crystal perovskites (SCPs) have been the show
-
Synchronization in multiplex networks Phys. Rep. (IF 30.0) Pub Date : 2024-02-08 Xiaoqun Wu, Xiuqi Wu, Chong-Yang Wang, Bing Mao, Jun-an Lu, Jinhu Lü, Yi-Cheng Zhang, Linyuan Lü
Synchronization in a network of connected elements is essential to the proper functioning of both natural and engineered systems and is thus of increasing interest across disciplines. In many cases, synchronization phenomena involve not just actions within a single network in isolation, but the coordinated and coherent behaviors of several networks interacting with each other. The interactions between
-
-
Observational evidence for primordial black holes: A positivist perspective Phys. Rep. (IF 30.0) Pub Date : 2024-02-02 B.J. Carr, S. Clesse, J. García-Bellido, M.R.S. Hawkins, F. Kühnel
We review numerous arguments for primordial black holes (PBHs) based on observational evidence from a variety of lensing, dynamical, accretion and gravitational-wave effects. This represents a shift from the usual emphasis on PBH constraints and provides what we term a positivist perspective. Microlensing observations of stars and quasars suggest that PBHs of around could provide much of the dark matter
-
-
String cosmology: From the early universe to today Phys. Rep. (IF 30.0) Pub Date : 2024-01-29 Michele Cicoli, Joseph P. Conlon, Anshuman Maharana, Susha Parameswaran, Fernando Quevedo, Ivonne Zavala
We review applications of string theory to cosmology, from primordial times to the present-day accelerated expansion. Starting with a brief overview of cosmology and string compactifications, we discuss in detail moduli stabilisation, inflation in string theory, the impact of string theory on post-inflationary dynamics (reheating, moduli domination, kination), dark energy (the cosmological constant
-
Actively and reversibly controlling thermal conductivity in solid materials Phys. Rep. (IF 30.0) Pub Date : 2024-01-25 Chenhan Liu, Chao Wu, Yunshan Zhao, Zuhuang Chen, Tian-Ling Ren, Yunfei Chen, Gang Zhang
With the appearance of energy crisis, greenhouse effect, and heat management problem, the control especially the active and reversible control of heat transport or thermal conductivity is becoming urgent. However, phonon transport as controllable as electron transport has not yet been achieved. The difficulty lies in the lack of direct connection between phonons and external stimuli. To realize the
-
-
Vector-like singlet quarks: A roadmap Phys. Rep. (IF 30.0) Pub Date : 2024-01-20 João M. Alves, G.C. Branco, A.L. Cherchiglia, C.C. Nishi, J.T. Penedo, Pedro M.F. Pereira, M.N. Rebelo, J.I. Silva-Marcos
We review the theory and phenomenology of isosinglet vector-like quarks (VLQs). In recent years, interest in VLQs has been increasing, due to their contributions to new physics effects that can be tested in experiments at LHC and High-Luminosity LHC. The similarities of models with isosinglet VLQs and the seesaw framework in the leptonic sector are pointed out. The existence of VLQs leads to flavour-changing
-
Epidemic spreading on higher-order networks Phys. Rep. (IF 30.0) Pub Date : 2024-01-19 Wei Wang, Yanyi Nie, Wenyao Li, Tao Lin, Ming-Sheng Shang, Song Su, Yong Tang, Yi-Cheng Zhang, Gui-Quan Sun
Gathering events, e.g., going to gyms and meetings, are ubiquitous and crucial in the spreading phenomena, which induce higher-order interactions, and thus can be described as higher-order networks. Recently, uncovering and understanding the interacting mechanisms, spatiotemporal evolving patterns, critical phenomena and phase transitions of higher-order networked epidemic spreading is a very hot challenge
-
-
-
Quantum toroidal algebras and solvable structures in gauge/string theory Phys. Rep. (IF 30.0) Pub Date : 2024-01-04 Yutaka Matsuo, Satoshi Nawata, Go Noshita, Rui-Dong Zhu
This is a review article on the quantum toroidal algebras, focusing on their roles in various solvable structures of 2d conformal field theory, supersymmetric gauge theory, and string theory. Using W-algebras as our starting point, we elucidate the interconnection of affine Yangians, quantum toroidal algebras, and double affine Hecke algebras. Our exploration delves into the representation theory of
-
Complex systems approach to natural language Phys. Rep. (IF 30.0) Pub Date : 2023-12-22 Tomasz Stanisz, Stanisław Drożdż, Jarosław Kwapień
The science of complexity aims to answer the question of what rules nature chooses when assembling the basic constituents of matter and energy into structures and dynamical patterns that cascade through the entire hierarchy of scales in the Universe. A related phenomenon – natural language – can successfully mirror such structures as reflected by its ability to encode and transmit information about
-
Dark matter in compact stars Phys. Rep. (IF 30.0) Pub Date : 2023-12-08 Joseph Bramante, Nirmal Raj
WDs and neutron stars are far-reaching and multi-faceted laboratories in the hunt for dark matter. We review detection prospects of wave-like, particulate, macroscopic and black hole dark matter that make use of several exceptional properties of compact stars, such as ultra-high densities, deep fermion degeneracies, low temperatures, nucleon superfluidity, strong magnetic fields, high rotational regularity
-
Lectures on generalized symmetries Phys. Rep. (IF 30.0) Pub Date : 2023-11-29 Lakshya Bhardwaj, Lea E. Bottini, Ludovic Fraser-Taliente, Liam Gladden, Dewi S.W. Gould, Arthur Platschorre, Hannah Tillim
These are a set of lecture notes on generalized global symmetries in quantum field theory. The focus is on invertible symmetries with a few comments regarding non-invertible symmetries. The main topics covered are the basics of higher-form symmetries and their properties including ’t Hooft anomalies, gauging and spontaneous symmetry breaking. We also introduce the useful notion of symmetry topological
-
Elementary vibrational model for transport properties of dense fluids Phys. Rep. (IF 30.0) Pub Date : 2023-11-28 S.A. Khrapak
A vibrational model of transport properties of dense fluids assumes that solid-like oscillations of atoms around their temporary equilibrium positions dominate the dynamical picture. The temporary equilibrium positions of atoms do not form any regular structure and are not fixed, unlike in solids. Instead, they are allowed to diffuse and this is why liquids can flow. However, this diffusive motion
-
Beginners lectures on flux compactifications and related Swampland topics Phys. Rep. (IF 30.0) Pub Date : 2023-11-23 Thomas Van Riet, Gianluca Zoccarato
These lecture notes provide a pedagogical introduction, with exercises, to the techniques used in attempts to construct vacua with stabilized moduli in string theory. The reader is only assumed to have a basic knowledge of general relativity, geometry and field theory. We emphasize physical arguments and focus on the latest developments involving the Swampland program that point to a tension for the
-
Heat equations beyond Fourier: From heat waves to thermal metamaterials Phys. Rep. (IF 30.0) Pub Date : 2023-11-10 R. Kovács
In the past few decades, numerous heat conduction models extending beyond Fourier’s have been developed to account for large gradients, fast phenomena, wave propagation, and heterogeneous material structures typical of biological systems, superlattices, and thermal metamaterials. Navigating through these models has become challenging due to their varying thermodynamic backgrounds and potential compatibility
-
Weizmann lectures on the numerical conformal bootstrap Phys. Rep. (IF 30.0) Pub Date : 2023-11-03 Shai M. Chester
These lectures were given at the Weizmann Institute in the spring of 2019. They are intended to familiarize students with the nuts and bolts of the numerical bootstrap as efficiently as possible. After a brief review of the basics of conformal field theory in d>2 spacetime dimensions, we discuss how to compute conformal blocks, formulate the crossing equations as a semi-definite programming problem
-
Few-body Bose gases in low dimensions—A laboratory for quantum dynamics Phys. Rep. (IF 30.0) Pub Date : 2023-10-30 S.I. Mistakidis, A.G. Volosniev, R.E. Barfknecht, T. Fogarty, Th. Busch, A. Foerster, P. Schmelcher, N.T. Zinner
Cold atomic gases have become a paradigmatic system for exploring fundamental physics, which at the same time allows for applications in quantum technologies. The accelerating developments in the field have led to a highly advanced set of engineering techniques that, for example, can tune interactions, shape the external geometry, select among a large set of atomic species with different properties
-
Experimental signatures of quantum and topological states in frustrated magnetism Phys. Rep. (IF 30.0) Pub Date : 2023-10-28 J. Khatua, B. Sana, A. Zorko, M. Gomilšek, K. Sethupathi, M.S. Ramachandra Rao, M. Baenitz, B. Schmidt, P. Khuntia
Frustration in magnetic materials arising from competing exchange interactions can prevent the system from adopting long-range magnetic order and can instead lead to a diverse range of novel quantum and topological states with exotic quasiparticle excitations. Here, we review prominent examples of such states, including magnetically-disordered and extensively degenerate spin ices with emergent magnetic
-
Wave Turbulence and thermalization in one-dimensional chains Phys. Rep. (IF 30.0) Pub Date : 2023-10-25 M. Onorato, Y.V. Lvov, G. Dematteis, S. Chibbaro
One-dimensional chains are used as a fundamental model of condensed matter, and have constituted the starting point for key developments in nonlinear physics and complex systems. The pioneering work in this field was proposed by Fermi, Pasta, Ulam and Tsingou in the 50s in Los Alamos. An intense and fruitful mathematical and physical research followed during these last 70 years. Recently, a fresh look
-
Tetraquarks and pentaquarks in lattice QCD with light and heavy quarks Phys. Rep. (IF 30.0) Pub Date : 2023-10-18 Pedro Bicudo
We review how lattice QCD can contribute to the prediction and the comprehension of tetraquarks, pentaquarks and related exotic hadrons such as hybrids, with at least one heavy quark. We include all families of exotic hadrons, except for the quarkless glueballs, and the hexaquarks which are related to nuclear physics. Since the discovery of quarks and the development of the QCD theory, there has been
-
Advancing time- and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy: The role of ultrafast laser development Phys. Rep. (IF 30.0) Pub Date : 2023-10-12 MengXing Na, Arthur K. Mills, David J. Jones
-
-
Finite-time cosmological singularities and the possible fate of the Universe Phys. Rep. (IF 30.0) Pub Date : 2023-09-30 Jaume de Haro, Shin’ichi Nojiri, S.D. Odintsov, V.K. Oikonomou, Supriya Pan
Singularities in any physical theory are either remarkable indicators of the unknown underlying fundamental theory, or indicate a change in the description of the physical reality. In General Relativity there are three fundamental kinds of singularities that might occur, firstly the black hole spacelike crushing singularities, e.g. in the Schwarzschild case and two cosmological spacelike singularities
-
-
General probabilistic theories: An introduction Phys. Rep. (IF 30.0) Pub Date : 2023-09-16 Martin Plávala
We introduce the framework of general probabilistic theories (GPTs for short). GPTs are a class of operational theories that generalize both finite-dimensional classical and quantum theory, but they also include other, more exotic theories, such as the boxworld theory containing Popescu–Rohrlich boxes. We provide in-depth explanations of the basic concepts and elements of the framework of GPTs, and
-
Spin dynamics in van der Waals magnetic systems Phys. Rep. (IF 30.0) Pub Date : 2023-09-10 Chunli Tang, Laith Alahmed, Muntasir Mahdi, Yuzan Xiong, Jerad Inman, Nathan J. McLaughlin, Christoph Zollitsch, Tae Hee Kim, Chunhui Rita Du, Hidekazu Kurebayashi, Elton J.G. Santos, Wei Zhang, Peng Li, Wencan Jin
The discovery of atomic monolayer magnetic materials has stimulated intense research activities in the two-dimensional (2D) van der Waals (vdW) materials community. The field is growing rapidly and there has been a large class of 2D vdW magnetic compounds with unique properties, which provides an ideal platform to study magnetism in the atomically thin limit. In parallel, based on tunneling magnetoresistance
-
Adaptive dynamical networks Phys. Rep. (IF 30.0) Pub Date : 2023-09-04 Rico Berner, Thilo Gross, Christian Kuehn, Jürgen Kurths, Serhiy Yanchuk
It is a fundamental challenge to understand how the function of a network is related to its structural organization. Adaptive dynamical networks represent a broad class of systems that can change their connectivity over time depending on their dynamical state. The most important feature of such systems is that their function depends on their structure and vice versa. While the properties of static
-
Lattice Boltzmann for non-ideal fluids: Fundamentals and Practice Phys. Rep. (IF 30.0) Pub Date : 2023-08-29 S.A. Hosseini, I.V. Karlin
This contribution presents a comprehensive overview of lattice Boltzmann models for non-ideal fluids, covering both theoretical concepts at both kinetic and macroscopic levels and more practical discussion of numerical nature. In that context, elements of kinetic theory of ideal gases are presented and discussed at length. Then a detailed discussion of the lattice Boltzmann method for ideal gases from
-
-
The genomic physics of tumor–microenvironment crosstalk Phys. Rep. (IF 30.0) Pub Date : 2023-08-07 Mengmeng Sang, Li Feng, Ang Dong, Claudia Gragnoli, Christopher Griffin, Rongling Wu
The recent years have witnessed the explosive application of sequencing technologies to study tumor–microenvironment interactions and their role in shaping intratumoral heterogeneity, neoplastic progression and tumor resistance to anticancer drugs. Statistical modeling is an essential tool to decipher the function of cellular interactions from massive amounts of transcriptomic data. However, most available
-
Hall motions in Carroll dynamics Phys. Rep. (IF 30.0) Pub Date : 2023-08-05 L. Marsot, P.-M. Zhang, M. Chernodub, P.A. Horvathy
“Do Carroll particles move?” The answer depends on the characteristics of the particle such as its mass, spin, electric charge, and magnetic moment. A massive Carroll particle (closely related to fractons) does not move; its immobility follows from Carroll boost symmetry which implies dipole conservation, but not conversely. A massless Carroll particle may propagate by following the Hall law, consistently
-
Geometric and holonomic quantum computation Phys. Rep. (IF 30.0) Pub Date : 2023-08-02 Jiang Zhang, Thi Ha Kyaw, Stefan Filipp, Leong-Chuan Kwek, Erik Sjöqvist, Dianmin Tong
Geometric and holonomic quantum computation utilizes intrinsic geometric properties of quantum-mechanical state spaces to realize quantum logic gates. Since both geometric phases and quantum holonomies are global quantities depending only on the evolution paths of quantum systems, quantum gates based on them possess built-in resilience to certain kinds of errors. This review provides an introduction
-
Perturbative light–matter interactions; From first principles to inverse design Phys. Rep. (IF 30.0) Pub Date : 2023-07-31 Niclas Westerberg, Robert Bennett
Our experience of the world around us is governed almost entirely by light–matter interactions. At the most fundamental level, such interactions are described by quantum electrodynamics (QED), a well-established theory that has stood up to decades of experimental testing to remarkable degrees of precision. However, the complexity of real systems almost always means that the quantum electrodynamical
-
The free energy principle made simpler but not too simple Phys. Rep. (IF 30.0) Pub Date : 2023-07-28 Karl Friston, Lancelot Da Costa, Noor Sajid, Conor Heins, Kai Ueltzhöffer, Grigorios A. Pavliotis, Thomas Parr
-
-
Review of the no-boundary wave function Phys. Rep. (IF 30.0) Pub Date : 2023-06-22 Jean-Luc Lehners
When the universe is treated as a quantum system, it is described by a wave function. This wave function is a function not only of the matter fields, but also of spacetime. The no-boundary proposal is the idea that the wave function should be calculated by summing over geometries that have no boundary to the past, and over regular matter configurations on these geometries. Accordingly, the universe
-
-
Tree-level amplitudes from the pure spinor superstring Phys. Rep. (IF 30.0) Pub Date : 2023-05-08 Carlos R. Mafra, Oliver Schlotterer
We give a comprehensive review of recent developments on using the pure spinor formalism to compute massless superstring scattering amplitudes at tree level. The main results of the pure spinor computations are placed into the context of related topics including the color-kinematics duality in field theory and the mathematical structure of α′-corrections.
-
Chiral perturbation theory for heavy hadrons and chiral effective field theory for heavy hadronic molecules Phys. Rep. (IF 30.0) Pub Date : 2023-05-06 Lu Meng, Bo Wang, Guang-Juan Wang, Shi-Lin Zhu
Chiral symmetry and its spontaneous breaking play an important role both in the light hadron and heavy hadron systems. The chiral perturbation theory (χPT) is the low energy effective field theory of the Quantum Chromodynamics. In this work, we shall review the investigations on the chiral corrections to the properties of the heavy mesons and baryons within the framework of χPT. We will also review
-
The structure and dynamics of networks with higher order interactions Phys. Rep. (IF 30.0) Pub Date : 2023-05-02 S. Boccaletti, P. De Lellis, C.I. del Genio, K. Alfaro-Bittner, R. Criado, S. Jalan, M. Romance
All beauty, richness and harmony in the emergent dynamics of a complex system largely depend on the specific way in which its elementary components interact. The last twenty-five years have seen the birth and development of the multidisciplinary field of Network Science, wherein a variety of distributed systems in physics, biology, social sciences and engineering have been modeled as networks of coupled
-
-
Signal propagation in complex networks Phys. Rep. (IF 30.0) Pub Date : 2023-04-04 Peng Ji, Jiachen Ye, Yu Mu, Wei Lin, Yang Tian, Chittaranjan Hens, Matjaž Perc, Yang Tang, Jie Sun, Jürgen Kurths
Signal propagation in complex networks drives epidemics, is responsible for information going viral, promotes trust and facilitates moral behavior in social groups, enables the development of misinformation detection algorithms, and it is the main pillar supporting the fascinating cognitive abilities of the brain, to name just some examples. The geometry of signal propagation is determined as much
-
The physics and applications of strongly coupled Coulomb systems (plasmas) levitated in electrodynamic traps Phys. Rep. (IF 30.0) Pub Date : 2023-04-03 Bogdan M. Mihalcea, Vladimir S. Filinov, Roman A. Syrovatka, Leonid M. Vasilyak
Charged microparticles confined in electrodynamic traps evolve into strongly coupled Coulomb systems (SCCS) which are the subject of current investigation. Recent results with respect to particle dynamics in linear and nonlinear Paul traps are reviewed, including the case of a confined microparticle in presence of an acoustic wave. An analytical model is used to discuss dynamical stability for a system
-
Gauge theories on quantum spaces Phys. Rep. (IF 30.0) Pub Date : 2023-03-21 Kilian Hersent, Philippe Mathieu, Jean-Christophe Wallet
We review the present status of gauge theories built on various quantum space–times described by noncommutative space–times. The mathematical tools and notions underlying their construction are given. Different formulations of gauge theory models on Moyal spaces as well as on quantum spaces whose coordinates form a Lie algebra are covered, with particular emphasis on some explored quantum properties
-
Statistical equilibrium of circulating fluids Phys. Rep. (IF 30.0) Pub Date : 2023-03-07 Alexander Migdal
We are investigating the inviscid limit of the Navier–Stokes equation, and we find previously unknown anomalous terms in Hamiltonian, Dissipation, and Helicity, which survive this limit and define the turbulent statistics. We find various topologically nontrivial configurations of the confined Clebsch field responsible for vortex sheets and lines. In particular, a stable vortex sheet family is discovered
-
Advances in QED with intense background fields Phys. Rep. (IF 30.0) Pub Date : 2023-02-27 A. Fedotov, A. Ilderton, F. Karbstein, B. King, D. Seipt, H. Taya, G. Torgrimsson
Upcoming and planned experiments combining increasingly intense lasers and energetic particle beams will access new regimes of nonlinear, relativistic, quantum effects. This improved experimental capability has driven substantial progress in QED in intense background fields. We review here the advances made during the last decade, with a focus on theory and phenomenology. As ever higher intensities
-
Chirality as generalized spin–orbit interaction in spintronics Phys. Rep. (IF 30.0) Pub Date : 2023-01-27 Tao Yu, Zhaochu Luo, Gerrit E.W. Bauer
Chirality or handedness distinguishes an object from its mirror images, such as the spread thumb, index finger, and middle finger of the right and left hand. In mathematics, it is described by the outer product of three vectors that obey a right-hand vs. left-hand rule. The chirality of ground state magnetic textures defined by the vectors of magnetization, its gradient, and an electric field from