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25 year trends in cancer incidence and mortality among adults aged 35-69 years in the UK, 1993-2018: retrospective secondary analysis BMJ (IF 105.7) Pub Date : 2024-03-13 Jon Shelton, Ewa Zotow, Lesley Smith, Shane A Johnson, Catherine S Thomson, Amar Ahmad, Lars Murdock, Diana Nagarwalla, David Forman
Objective To examine and interpret trends in UK cancer incidence and mortality for all cancers combined and for the most common cancer sites in adults aged 35-69 years. Design Retrospective secondary data analysis. Data sources Cancer registration data, cancer mortality and national population data from the Office for National Statistics, Public Health Wales, Public Health Scotland, Northern Ireland
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Cervical pessary versus vaginal progesterone in women with a singleton pregnancy, a short cervix, and no history of spontaneous preterm birth at less than 34 weeks’ gestation: open label, multicentre, randomised, controlled trial BMJ (IF 105.7) Pub Date : 2024-03-12 Charlotte E van Dijk, Annabelle L van Gils, Maud D van Zijl, Bouchra Koullali, Marijke C van der Weide, Eline S van den Akker, Brenda J Hermsen, Wilhelmina M van Baal, Henricus Visser, Joris van Drongelen, Karlijn C Vollebregt, Moira Muller, Flip W van der Made, Sanne J Gordijn, Yolanda M de Mooij, Martijn A Oudijk, Marjon A de Boer, Ben WJ Mol, Brenda M Kazemier, Eva Pajkrt
Objective To compare the effectiveness of cervical pessary and vaginal progesterone in the prevention of adverse perinatal outcomes and preterm birth in pregnant women of singletons with no prior spontaneous preterm birth at less than 34 weeks’ gestation and who have a short cervix of 35 mm or less. Design Open label, multicentre, randomised, controlled trial. Setting 20 hospitals and five obstetric
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Comparison of prior authorization across insurers: cross sectional evidence from Medicare Advantage BMJ (IF 105.7) Pub Date : 2024-03-07 Ravi Gupta, Jay Fein, Joseph P Newhouse, Aaron L Schwartz
Objective To measure and compare the scope of US insurers’ policies for prior authorization (PA), a process by which insurers assess the necessity of planned medical care, and to quantify differences in PA across insurers, physician specialties, and clinical service categories. Design Cross sectional analysis. Setting PA policies for five insurers serving most of the beneficiaries covered by privately
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Diagnostic accuracy of magnetically guided capsule endoscopy with a detachable string for detecting oesophagogastric varices in adults with cirrhosis: prospective multicentre study BMJ (IF 105.7) Pub Date : 2024-03-05 Xi Jiang, Jun Pan, Qing Xu, Yu-Hu Song, Huan-Huan Sun, Cheng Peng, Xiao-Long Qi, Yang-Yang Qian, Wen-Bin Zou, Yang Yang, Shao-Qin Jin, Ben-Song Duan, Shan Wu, Ye Chu, Ding-Hua Xiao, Li-Juan Hu, Jun-Zhi Cao, Jin-Feng Dai, Xiao Liu, Tian Xia, Wei Zhou, Tao Chen, Chun-Hua Zhou, Wei Wu, Shao-Jun Liu, Zhen-Yu Yang, Fen Wang, Lu Zhang, Cheng-Zhong Li, Hao Xu, Jun-Xue Wang, Bo Wei, Yong Lin, Xing Deng, Li-Hong
Objective To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy and safety of using magnetically guided capsule endoscopy with a detachable string (ds-MCE) for detecting and grading oesophagogastric varices in adults with cirrhosis. Design Prospective multicentre diagnostic accuracy study. Setting 14 medical centres in China. Participants 607 adults (>18 years) with cirrhosis recruited between 7 January 2021 and 25
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Added benefit and revenues of oncology drugs approved by the European Medicines Agency between 1995 and 2020: retrospective cohort study BMJ (IF 105.7) Pub Date : 2024-02-28 Francine Brinkhuis, Wim G Goettsch, Aukje K Mantel-Teeuwisse, Lourens T Bloem
Objectives To evaluate the added benefit and revenues of oncology drugs, explore their association, and investigate potential discrepancies between added benefit and revenues across different approval pathways of the European Medicines Agency (EMA). Design Retrospective cohort study. Setting Oncology drugs and their indications approved by the EMA between 1995 and 2020. Main outcome measures Added
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Ultra-processed food exposure and adverse health outcomes: umbrella review of epidemiological meta-analyses BMJ (IF 105.7) Pub Date : 2024-02-28 Melissa M Lane, Elizabeth Gamage, Shutong Du, Deborah N Ashtree, Amelia J McGuinness, Sarah Gauci, Phillip Baker, Mark Lawrence, Casey M Rebholz, Bernard Srour, Mathilde Touvier, Felice N Jacka, Adrienne O’Neil, Toby Segasby, Wolfgang Marx
Objective To evaluate the existing meta-analytic evidence of associations between exposure to ultra-processed foods, as defined by the Nova food classification system, and adverse health outcomes. Design Systematic umbrella review of existing meta-analyses. Data sources MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Embase, and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, as well as manual searches of reference lists from 2009
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Optimal timing of influenza vaccination in young children: population based cohort study BMJ (IF 105.7) Pub Date : 2024-02-21 Christopher M Worsham, Charles F Bray, Anupam B Jena
Objective To assess optimal timing of influenza vaccination in young children. Design Population based cohort study. Setting United States. Participants Commercially insured children aged 2-5 years who were vaccinated against influenza during 2011-18. Main outcome measure Rates of diagnosis of influenza among children who were vaccinated against influenza, by birth month. Results Overall, 819 223 children
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Short term exposure to low level ambient fine particulate matter and natural cause, cardiovascular, and respiratory morbidity among US adults with health insurance: case time series study BMJ (IF 105.7) Pub Date : 2024-02-21 Yuantong Sun, Chad W Milando, Keith R Spangler, Yaguang Wei, Joel Schwartz, Francesca Dominici, Amruta Nori-Sarma, Shengzhi Sun, Gregory A Wellenius
Objective To estimate the excess relative and absolute risks of hospital admissions and emergency department visits for natural causes, cardiovascular disease, and respiratory disease associated with daily exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) at concentrations below the new World Health Organization air quality guideline limit among adults with health insurance in the contiguous US. Design Case
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Exposure-response associations between chronic exposure to fine particulate matter and risks of hospital admission for major cardiovascular diseases: population based cohort study BMJ (IF 105.7) Pub Date : 2024-02-21 Yaguang Wei, Yijing Feng, Mahdieh Danesh Yazdi, Kanhua Yin, Edgar Castro, Alexandra Shtein, Xinye Qiu, Adjani A Peralta, Brent A Coull, Francesca Dominici, Joel D Schwartz
Objective To estimate exposure-response associations between chronic exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and risks of the first hospital admission for major cardiovascular disease (CVD) subtypes. Design Population based cohort study. Setting Contiguous US. Participants 59 761 494 Medicare fee-for-service beneficiaries aged ≥65 years during 2000-16. Calibrated PM2.5 predictions were linked to
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Effect of exercise for depression: systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials BMJ (IF 105.7) Pub Date : 2024-02-14 Michael Noetel, Taren Sanders, Daniel Gallardo-Gómez, Paul Taylor, Borja del Pozo Cruz, Daniel van den Hoek, Jordan J Smith, John Mahoney, Jemima Spathis, Mark Moresi, Rebecca Pagano, Lisa Pagano, Roberta Vasconcellos, Hugh Arnott, Benjamin Varley, Philip Parker, Stuart Biddle, Chris Lonsdale
Objective To identify the optimal dose and modality of exercise for treating major depressive disorder, compared with psychotherapy, antidepressants, and control conditions. Design Systematic review and network meta-analysis. Methods Screening, data extraction, coding, and risk of bias assessment were performed independently and in duplicate. Bayesian arm based, multilevel network meta-analyses were
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Association of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease with cardiovascular disease and all cause death in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: nationwide population based study BMJ (IF 105.7) Pub Date : 2024-02-13 Kyung-Soo Kim, Sangmo Hong, Kyungdo Han, Cheol-Young Park
Objective To investigate the risk of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) for cardiovascular disease and all cause death in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Design Nationwide population based study. Setting Longitudinal cohort study in Korea. Participants 7 796 763 participants in the National Health Screening Programme in 2009 were divided into three groups based on NAFLD status:
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Clinical effectiveness of an online supervised group physical and mental health rehabilitation programme for adults with post-covid-19 condition (REGAIN study): multicentre randomised controlled trial BMJ (IF 105.7) Pub Date : 2024-02-07 Gordon McGregor, Harbinder Sandhu, Julie Bruce, Bartholomew Sheehan, David McWilliams, Joyce Yeung, Christina Jones, Beatriz Lara, Sharisse Alleyne, Jessica Smith, Ranjit Lall, Chen Ji, Mariam Ratna, Stuart Ennis, Peter Heine, Shilpa Patel, Charles Abraham, James Mason, Henry Nwankwo, Vivien Nichols, Kate Seers, Martin Underwood
Objective To evaluate whether a structured online supervised group physical and mental health rehabilitation programme can improve health related quality of life compared with usual care in adults with post-covid-19 condition (long covid). Design Pragmatic, multicentre, parallel group, superiority randomised controlled trial. Setting England and Wales, with home based interventions delivered remotely
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Duration of cardiopulmonary resuscitation and outcomes for adults with in-hospital cardiac arrest: retrospective cohort study BMJ (IF 105.7) Pub Date : 2024-02-07 Masashi Okubo, Sho Komukai, Lars W Andersen, Robert A Berg, Michael C Kurz, Laurie J Morrison, Clifton W Callaway
Objective To quantify time dependent probabilities of outcomes in patients after in-hospital cardiac arrest as a function of duration of cardiopulmonary resuscitation, defined as the interval between start of chest compression and the first return of spontaneous circulation or termination of resuscitation. Design Retrospective cohort study. Setting Multicenter prospective in-hospital cardiac arrest
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Atypia detected during breast screening and subsequent development of cancer: observational analysis of the Sloane atypia prospective cohort in England BMJ (IF 105.7) Pub Date : 2024-02-01 Karoline Freeman, David Jenkinson, Karen Clements, Matthew G Wallis, Sarah E Pinder, Elena Provenzano, Hilary Stobart, Nigel Stallard, Olive Kearins, Nisha Sharma, Abeer Shaaban, Cliona Clare Kirwan, Bridget Hilton, Alastair M Thompson, Sian Taylor-Phillips
Objective To explore how the number and type of breast cancers developed after screen detected atypia compare with the anticipated 11.3 cancers detected per 1000 women screened within one three year screening round in the United Kingdom. Design Observational analysis of the Sloane atypia prospective cohort in England. Setting Atypia diagnoses through the English NHS breast screening programme reported
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Publishers’ and journals’ instructions to authors on use of generative artificial intelligence in academic and scientific publishing: bibliometric analysis BMJ (IF 105.7) Pub Date : 2024-01-31 Conner Ganjavi, Michael B Eppler, Asli Pekcan, Brett Biedermann, Andre Abreu, Gary S Collins, Inderbir S Gill, Giovanni E Cacciamani
Objectives To determine the extent and content of academic publishers’ and scientific journals’ guidance for authors on the use of generative artificial intelligence (GAI). Design Cross sectional, bibliometric study. Setting Websites of academic publishers and scientific journals, screened on 19-20 May 2023, with the search updated on 8-9 October 2023. Participants Top 100 largest academic publishers
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Comparative effectiveness of GLP-1 receptor agonists on glycaemic control, body weight, and lipid profile for type 2 diabetes: systematic review and network meta-analysis BMJ (IF 105.7) Pub Date : 2024-01-29 Haiqiang Yao, Anqi Zhang, Delong Li, Yuqi Wu, Chong-Zhi Wang, Jin-Yi Wan, Chun-Su Yuan
Objective To evaluate the comparative efficacy and safety of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) on glycaemic control, body weight, and lipid profile in adults with type 2 diabetes. Design Systematic review and network meta-analysis. Data sources PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), and Embase from database inception to 19 August 2023. Eligibility
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Invasive breast cancer and breast cancer death after non-screen detected ductal carcinoma in situ from 1990 to 2018 in England: population based cohort study BMJ (IF 105.7) Pub Date : 2024-01-24 Gurdeep S Mannu, Zhe Wang, David Dodwell, John Broggio, Jackie Charman, Sarah C Darby
Objectives To evaluate the long term risks of invasive breast cancer and death related to breast cancer after non-screen detected ductal carcinoma in situ. Risks for women in the general population and for women diagnosed with ductal carcinoma in situ via the screening programme were compared. Design Population based cohort study. Setting Data from the National Disease Registration Service. Participants
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Neurological development in children born moderately or late preterm: national cohort study BMJ (IF 105.7) Pub Date : 2024-01-24 Ayoub Mitha, Ruoqing Chen, Neda Razaz, Stefan Johansson, Olof Stephansson, Maria Altman, Jenny Bolk
Objective To assess long term neurodevelopmental outcomes of children born at different gestational ages, particularly 32-33 weeks (moderately preterm) and 34-36 weeks (late preterm), compared with 39-40 weeks (full term). Design Nationwide cohort study. Setting Sweden. Participants 1 281 690 liveborn singleton children without congenital malformations born at 32+0 to 41+6 weeks between 1998 and 2012
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All cause and cause specific mortality in obsessive-compulsive disorder: nationwide matched cohort and sibling cohort study BMJ (IF 105.7) Pub Date : 2024-01-17 Lorena Fernández de la Cruz, Kayoko Isomura, Paul Lichtenstein, Henrik Larsson, Ralf Kuja-Halkola, Zheng Chang, Brian M D’Onofrio, Isabell Brikell, Christian Rück, Anna Sidorchuk, David Mataix-Cols
Objective To estimate the risk of all cause and cause specific mortality in people with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) compared with matched unaffected people from the general population and with their unaffected siblings. Design Population based matched cohort and sibling cohort study. Setting Register linkage in Sweden. Participants Population based cohort including 61 378 people with OCD and
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Acute rehabilitation following traumatic anterior shoulder dislocation (ARTISAN): pragmatic, multicentre, randomised controlled trial BMJ (IF 105.7) Pub Date : 2024-01-17 Rebecca S Kearney, David R Ellard, Helen Parsons, Aminul Haque, James Mason, Henry Nwankwo, Helen Bradley, Stephen Drew, Chetan Modi, Howard Bush, David Torgerson, Martin Underwood
Objective To assess the effects of an additional programme of physiotherapy in adults with a first-time traumatic shoulder dislocation compared with single session of advice, supporting materials, and option to self-refer to physiotherapy. Design Pragmatic, multicentre, randomised controlled trial (ARTISAN). Setting and participants Trauma research teams at 41 UK NHS Trust sites screened adults with
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Perinatal depression and risk of mortality: nationwide, register based study in Sweden BMJ (IF 105.7) Pub Date : 2024-01-10 Naela Hagatulah, Emma Bränn, Anna Sara Oberg, Unnur A Valdimarsdóttir, Qing Shen, Donghao Lu
Objective To determine whether women with perinatal depression are at an increased risk of death compared with women who did not develop the disorder, and compared with full sisters. Design Nationwide, register based study. Setting Swedish national registers, 1 January 2001 to 31 December 2018. Participants 86 551 women with a first ever diagnosis of perinatal depression ascertained through specialised
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Undisclosed financial conflicts of interest in DSM-5-TR: cross sectional analysis BMJ (IF 105.7) Pub Date : 2024-01-10 Lauren C Davis, Alexa T Diianni, Sydney R Drumheller, Noha N Elansary, Gianna N D’Ambrozio, Farahdeba Herrawi, Brian J Piper, Lisa Cosgrove
Objective To assess the extent and types of financial ties to industry of panel and task force members of the American Psychiatric Association’s Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders , fifth edition, text revision (DSM-5-TR), published in 2022. Design Cross sectional analysis. Setting Open Payments database, USA. Participants 92 physicians based in the US who served as members of either
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Effect of Risk Mitigation Guidance opioid and stimulant dispensations on mortality and acute care visits during dual public health emergencies: retrospective cohort study BMJ (IF 105.7) Pub Date : 2024-01-11 Amanda Slaunwhite, Jeong Eun Min, Heather Palis, Karen Urbanoski, Bernie Pauly, Brittany Barker, Alexis Crabtree, Paxton Bach, Emmanuel Krebs, Laura Dale, Louise Meilleur, Bohdan Nosyk
Objective To determine the effect of opioid and stimulant Risk Mitigation Guidance (RMG) dispensations on mortality and acute care visits during the dual public health emergencies of overdose and covid-19. Design Population based retrospective cohort study. Setting British Columbia, Canada. Participants 5882 people with opioid or stimulant use disorder who received RMG prescriptions for opioids (n=5356)
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Perinatal depression and its health impact BMJ (IF 105.7) Pub Date : 2024-01-09 Emma Bränn, Qing Shen, Donghao Lu
Fast Facts Maternity care typically prioritises pregnancy outcomes, often sidelining women’s mental wellbeing. Results from our nationwide, population based, matched, cohort study in Sweden showed increased mortality over 18 years among women who were clinically diagnosed with perinatal depression. These findings underscore the imperative need to deepen our understanding of the health consequences
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Using autoregressive integrated moving average models for time series analysis of observational data BMJ (IF 105.7) Pub Date : 2023-12-20 Brandon Wagner, Kelly Cleland
This article discusses the use of autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) models for time series analysis. Rather than forecasting future values, we focus here on examining change across time in outcomes of interest and how this change is related to relevant variables. Much of the data that we collect about the world around us—stock prices, unemployment rates, party identification—are measured
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Retail demand for emergency contraception in United States following New Year holiday: time series study BMJ (IF 105.7) Pub Date : 2023-12-20 Brandon Wagner, Kelly Cleland
Objective To estimate the increase in sales of emergency contraception following the New Year’s Eve/New Year’s Day holiday. Design Time series analysis using autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) model. Setting Traditional (that is, “bricks and mortar”) retail outlets—grocery stores, drug stores, mass merchandisers, club stores, dollar stores, and military outlets—in the United States from
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Association of health benefits and harms of Christmas dessert ingredients in recipes from The Great British Bake Off: umbrella review of umbrella reviews of meta-analyses of observational studies BMJ (IF 105.7) Pub Date : 2023-12-20 Joshua D Wallach, Anant Gautam, Reshma Ramachandran, Joseph S Ross
Objective To determine the health benefits and harms of various ingredients in Christmas desserts from The Great British Bake Off. Design Umbrella review of umbrella reviews of meta-analyses of observational studies. Data sources The Great British Bake Off website, Embase, Medline, and Scopus. Inclusion criteria Umbrella reviews of meta-analyses of observational studies evaluating the associations
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Common Healthcare Related Instruments Subjected To Magnetic Attraction Study (CHRISTMAS): prospective in situ experimental study BMJ (IF 105.7) Pub Date : 2023-12-21 Shao J Ong, Koon Liang Chia, Teik Choon See, Martin Graves, Desmond Hoon, Joanne Hang, Lycia Teo, Peijing Su, James T P D Hallinan, Michael Ong, Bertrand Ang, Swee Tian Quek
Objective To investigate the behaviour of common healthcare related objects in a 3 tesla (T) MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) scanner, examining their ability to self-propel towards the scanner bore and their potential for tissue penetration. Design Prospective in situ experimental study. Setting Clinical 3 T MRI scanner. Customised rig designed and built to guide objects towards the scanner bore.
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Analysis of Barbie medical and science career dolls: descriptive quantitative study BMJ (IF 105.7) Pub Date : 2023-12-18 Katherine Klamer
Objectives To identify Barbie brand dolls that had medicine and science themed professions in comparison with other career dolls and to determine their accuracy in meeting clinical and laboratory safety standards. Design Descriptive quantitative study. Setting Visual and data analysis of web searches. Main outcome measures To identify the kinds of medical and scientific subspecialties that the Barbie
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Effect of a doctor working during the festive period on population health: natural experiment using 60 years of Doctor Who episodes (the TARDIS study) BMJ (IF 105.7) Pub Date : 2023-12-18 Richard D Riley
Objective To examine the effect of a (fictional) doctor working during the festive period on population health. Design Natural experiment. Setting England, Wales, and the UK. Main outcome measures Age standardised annual mortality rates in England, Wales, and the UK from 1963, when the BBC first broadcast Doctor Who , a fictional programme with a character called the Doctor who fights villains and
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Management of chronic pain secondary to temporomandibular disorders: a systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomised trials BMJ (IF 105.7) Pub Date : 2023-12-15 Liang Yao, Behnam Sadeghirad, Meixuan Li, Jing Li, Qi Wang, Holly N Crandon, Grace Martin, Rebecca Morgan, Ivan D Florez, Birk Stokke Hunskaar, Jeff Wells, Sara Moradi, Ying Zhu, Muhammad Muneeb Ahmed, Ya Gao, Liujiao Cao, Kehu Yang, Jinhui Tian, Jialing Li, Linda Zhong, Rachel J Couban, Gordon H Guyatt, Thomas Agoritsas, Jason W Busse
Objective We explored the comparative effectiveness of available therapies for chronic pain associated with temporomandibular disorders (TMD). Design Systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomised clinical trials (RCTs). Data sources MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, CENTRAL, and SCOPUS were searched to May 2021, and again in January 2023. Study selection Interventional RCTs that enrolled patients
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Effect of chair placement on physicians’ behavior and patients’ satisfaction: randomized deception trial BMJ (IF 105.7) Pub Date : 2023-12-15 Ruchita Iyer, Do Park, Jenny Kim, Courtney Newman, Avery Young, Andrew Sumarsono
Objective To evaluate the effect of chair placement on length of time physicians sit during a bedside consultation and patients’ satisfaction. Design Single center, double blind, randomized controlled deception trial. Setting County hospital in Texas, USA. Participants 51 hospitalist physicians providing direct care services, and 125 observed encounters of patients who could answer four orientation
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Projecting complete redaction of clinical trial protocols (RAPTURE): redacted cross sectional study BMJ (IF 105.7) Pub Date : 2023-12-14 Nir Balaban, Ghulam Rehman Mohyuddin, Adi Kashi, Amir Massarweh, Gal Markel, David Bomze, Daniel A Goldstein, Tomer Meirson
Objectives To characterise redactions in clinical trials and estimate a time when all protocols are fully removed (RAPTURE). Design Redacted cross sectional study. Setting Published phase 3 randomised controlled trials from 1 January 2010 to ██████████████. Participants New England Journal of Medicine , █ █████████ , and Journal of the American Medical Association . Main outcome measures █████ ████████
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A drug target for erectile dysfunction to help improve fertility, sexual activity, and wellbeing: mendelian randomisation study BMJ (IF 105.7) Pub Date : 2023-12-12 Benjamin Woolf, Skanda Rajasundaram, Héléne T Cronjé, James Yarmolinsky, Stephen Burgess, Dipender Gill
Objective To investigate the association of genetically proxied (using a surrogate biomarker) inhibition of phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5), an established drug target for erectile dysfunction, with fertility, sexual behaviour, and subjective wellbeing. Design Two sample cis-mendelian randomisation study. Setting Summary data on genetic associations obtained from the International Consortium for Blood Pressure
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Efficacy of cola ingestion for oesophageal food bolus impaction: open label, multicentre, randomised controlled trial BMJ (IF 105.7) Pub Date : 2023-12-11 E G Tiebie, E P Baerends, T Boeije, P G Frankenmolen, H Lameijer, W van den Berg, K J van Stralen, M L Ridderikhof, A J Bredenoord
Objective To determine the efficacy and safety of cola in resolving complete oesophageal food bolus impaction. Design Open label, multicentre, randomised controlled trial. Setting Emergency departments of five Dutch hospitals at the secondary and tertiary level, between 22 December 2019 and 16 June 2022. Participants 51 adults presenting with complete oesophageal food bolus impaction, defined as a
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Effectiveness of conservative management versus laparoscopic cholecystectomy in the prevention of recurrent symptoms and complications in adults with uncomplicated symptomatic gallstone disease (C-GALL trial): pragmatic, multicentre randomised controlled trial BMJ (IF 105.7) Pub Date : 2023-12-06 Irfan Ahmed, Jemma Hudson, Karen Innes, Rodolfo Hernández, Katie Gillies, Rebecca Bruce, Victoria Bell, Alison Avenell, Jane Blazeby, Miriam Brazzelli, Seonaidh Cotton, Bernard Croal, Mark Forrest, Graeme MacLennan, Peter Murchie, Samantha Wileman, Craig Ramsay
Objective To assess the clinical and cost effectiveness of conservative management compared with laparoscopic cholecystectomy for the prevention of symptoms and complications in adults with uncomplicated symptomatic gallstone disease. Design Parallel group, pragmatic randomised, superiority trial. Setting 20 secondary care centres in the UK. Participants 434 adults (>18 years) with uncomplicated symptomatic
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Air pollution deaths attributable to fossil fuels: observational and modelling study BMJ (IF 105.7) Pub Date : 2023-11-29 Jos Lelieveld, Andy Haines, Richard Burnett, Cathryn Tonne, Klaus Klingmüller, Thomas Münzel, Andrea Pozzer
Objectives To estimate all cause and cause specific deaths that are attributable to fossil fuel related air pollution and to assess potential health benefits from policies that replace fossil fuels with clean, renewable energy sources. Design Observational and modelling study. Methods An updated atmospheric composition model, a newly developed relative risk model, and satellite based data were used
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Untreated cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2 and subsequent risk of cervical cancer: population based cohort study BMJ (IF 105.7) Pub Date : 2023-11-29 Kathrine Dyhr Lycke, Johnny Kahlert, Lone Kjeld Petersen, Rikke Kamp Damgaard, Li C Cheung, Patti E Gravitt, Anne Hammer
Objective To describe the long term risk of cervical cancer in women with untreated (that is, undergoing active surveillance) or immediately treated cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2 (CIN2). Design Nationwide population based historical cohort study. Setting Danish healthcare registries. Participants Women with CIN2 diagnosed in 1998-2020 and aged 18-40 years at diagnosis, who had either active
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Social media use and health risk behaviours in young people: systematic review and meta-analysis BMJ (IF 105.7) Pub Date : 2023-11-29 Amrit Kaur Purba, Rachel M Thomson, Paul M Henery, Anna Pearce, Marion Henderson, S Vittal Katikireddi
Objectives To examine the association between social media use and health risk behaviours in adolescents (defined as those 10-19 years). Design Systematic review and meta-analysis. Data sources EMBASE, Medline, APA PsycINFO, SocINDEX, CINAHL, SSRN, SocArXic, PsyArXiv, medRxiv, and Google Scholar (1 January 1997 to 6 June 2022). Methods Health risk behaviours were defined as use of alcohol, drugs, tobacco
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Implementation of a high sensitivity cardiac troponin I assay and risk of myocardial infarction or death at five years: observational analysis of a stepped wedge, cluster randomised controlled trial BMJ (IF 105.7) Pub Date : 2023-11-28 Kuan Ken Lee, Dimitrios Doudesis, Amy V Ferry, Andrew R Chapman, Dorien M Kimenai, Takeshi Fujisawa, Anda Bularga, Matthew T H Lowry, Caelan Taggart, Stacey Schulberg, Ryan Wereski, Chris Tuck, Fiona E Strachan, David E Newby, Atul Anand, Anoop S V Shah, Nicholas L Mills
Objective To evaluate the impact of implementing a high sensitivity assay for cardiac troponin I on long term outcomes in patients with suspected acute coronary syndrome. Design Secondary observational analysis of a stepped wedge, cluster randomised controlled trial. Setting 10 secondary and tertiary care centres in Scotland, UK. Participants 48 282 consecutive patients with suspected acute coronary
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Association between patient-surgeon gender concordance and mortality after surgery in the United States: retrospective observational study BMJ (IF 105.7) Pub Date : 2023-11-22 Christopher JD Wallis, Angela Jerath, Ryo Ikesu, Raj Satkunasivam, Justin B Dimick, E John Orav, Melinda Maggard-Gibbons, Ruixin Li, Arghavan Salles, Zachary Klaassen, Natalie Coburn, Barbara L Bass, Allan S Detsky, Yusuke Tsugawa
Objective To determine whether patient-surgeon gender concordance is associated with mortality of patients after surgery in the United States. Design Retrospective observational study. Setting Acute care hospitals in the US. Participants 100% of Medicare fee-for-service beneficiaries aged 65-99 years who had one of 14 major elective or non-elective (emergent or urgent) surgeries in 2016-19. Main outcome
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Covid-19 vaccine effectiveness against post-covid-19 condition among 589 722 individuals in Sweden: population based cohort study BMJ (IF 105.7) Pub Date : 2023-11-22 Lisa Lundberg-Morris, Susannah Leach, Yiyi Xu, Jari Martikainen, Ailiana Santosa, Magnus Gisslén, Huiqi Li, Fredrik Nyberg, Maria Bygdell
Objective To investigate the effectiveness of primary covid-19 vaccination (first two doses and first booster dose within the recommended schedule) against post-covid-19 condition (PCC). Design Population based cohort study. Setting Swedish Covid-19 Investigation for Future Insights—a Population Epidemiology Approach using Register Linkage (SCIFI-PEARL) project, a register based cohort study in Sweden
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Intravascular imaging guided versus coronary angiography guided percutaneous coronary intervention: systematic review and meta-analysis BMJ (IF 105.7) Pub Date : 2023-11-16 Safi U Khan, Siddharth Agarwal, Hassaan B Arshad, Usman Ali Akbar, Mamas A Mamas, Shilpkumar Arora, Usman Baber, Sachin S Goel, Neal S Kleiman, Alpesh R Shah
Objective To assess the absolute treatment effects of intravascular imaging guided versus angiography guided percutaneous coronary intervention in patients with coronary artery disease, considering their baseline risk. Design Systematic review and meta-analysis. Data sources PubMed/Medline, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases up to 31 August 2023. Study selection Randomized controlled trials comparing
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Treatment of lower urinary tract symptoms in men in primary care using a conservative intervention: cluster randomised controlled trial BMJ (IF 105.7) Pub Date : 2023-11-15 Marcus J Drake, Jo Worthington, Jessica Frost, Emily Sanderson, Madeleine Cochrane, Nikki Cotterill, Mandy Fader, Lucy McGeagh, Hashim Hashim, Margaret Macaulay, Jonathan Rees, Luke A Robles, Gordon Taylor, Jodi Taylor, Matthew J Ridd, Stephanie J MacNeill, Sian Noble, J Athene Lane
Objective To determine whether a standardised and manualised care intervention in men in primary care could achieve superior improvement of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) compared with usual care. Design Cluster randomised controlled trial. Setting 30 National Health Service general practice sites in England. Participants Sites were randomised 1:1 to the intervention and control arms. 1077 men
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Autism intervention meta-analysis of early childhood studies (Project AIM): updated systematic review and secondary analysis BMJ (IF 105.7) Pub Date : 2023-11-14 Micheal Sandbank, Kristen Bottema-Beutel, Shannon Crowley LaPoint, Jacob I Feldman, D Jonah Barrett, Nicolette Caldwell, Kacie Dunham, Jenna Crank, Suzanne Albarran, Tiffany Woynaroski
Objective To summarize the breadth and quality of evidence supporting commonly recommended early childhood autism interventions and their estimated effects on developmental outcomes. Design Updated systematic review and meta-analysis (autism intervention meta-analysis; Project AIM). Data sources A search was conducted in November 2021 (updating a search done in November 2017) of the following databases
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Effectiveness of the live zoster vaccine during the 10 years following vaccination: real world cohort study using electronic health records BMJ (IF 105.7) Pub Date : 2023-11-08 Nicola P Klein, Joan Bartlett, Bruce Fireman, Morgan A Marks, John Hansen, Edwin Lewis, Laurie Aukes, Patricia Saddier
Objectives To assess the effectiveness of live zoster vaccine during more than 10 years after vaccination; and to describe methods for ascertaining vaccine effectiveness in the context of waning. Design Real world cohort study using electronic health records. Setting Kaiser Permanente Northern California, an integrated healthcare delivery system in the US, 1 January 2007 to 31 December 2018. Population
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Effects of a multimodal intervention in primary care to reduce second line antibiotic prescriptions for urinary tract infections in women: parallel, cluster randomised, controlled trial BMJ (IF 105.7) Pub Date : 2023-11-02 Guido Schmiemann, Alexandra Greser, Andy Maun, Jutta Bleidorn, Angela Schuster, Olga Miljukov, Viktoria Rücker, Anja Klingeberg, Anja Mentzel, Vitalii Minin, Tim Eckmanns, Christoph Heintze, Peter Heuschmann, Ildikó Gágyor
Objectives To evaluate whether a multimodal intervention in general practice reduces the proportion of second line antibiotic prescriptions and the overall proportion of antibiotic prescriptions for uncomplicated urinary tract infections in women. Design Parallel, cluster randomised, controlled trial. Setting General practices in five regions in Germany. Data were collected between 1 April 2021 and
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Pyrotinib versus placebo in combination with trastuzumab and docetaxel as first line treatment in patients with HER2 positive metastatic breast cancer (PHILA): randomised, double blind, multicentre, phase 3 trial BMJ (IF 105.7) Pub Date : 2023-10-31 Fei Ma, Min Yan, Wei Li, Quchang Ouyang, Zhongsheng Tong, Yuee Teng, Yongsheng Wang, Shusen Wang, Cuizhi Geng, Ting Luo, Jincai Zhong, Qingyuan Zhang, Qiang Liu, Xiaohua Zeng, Tao Sun, Qinguo Mo, Hu Liu, Ying Cheng, Jing Cheng, Xiaojia Wang, Jianyun Nie, Jin Yang, Xinhong Wu, Xinshuai Wang, Huiping Li, Changsheng Ye, Fangli Dong, Shuchao Wu, Xiaoyu Zhu, Binghe Xu
Objective To assess the efficacy and safety of pyrotinib (an irreversible pan-HER (human epidermal growth factor receptor) inhibitor), trastuzumab, and docetaxel compared with placebo, trastuzumab, and docetaxel for untreated HER2 positive metastatic breast cancer. Design Randomised, double blind, placebo controlled, multicentre, phase 3 trial. Setting 40 centres in China between 6 May 2019 and 17
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Association of DCIS size and margin status with risk of developing breast cancer post-treatment: multinational, pooled cohort study BMJ (IF 105.7) Pub Date : 2023-10-30 Renée S J M Schmitz, Alexandra W van den Belt-Dusebout, Karen Clements, Yi Ren, Chiara Cresta, Jasmine Timbres, Yat-Hee Liu, Danalyn Byng, Thomas Lynch, Brian A Menegaz, Deborah Collyar, Terry Hyslop, Samantha Thomas, Jason K Love, Michael Schaapveld, Proteeti Bhattacharjee, Marc D Ryser, Elinor Sawyer, E Shelley Hwang, Alastair Thompson, Jelle Wesseling, Esther H Lips, Marjanka K Schmidt
Objective To examine the association between size and margin status of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) and risk of developing ipsilateral invasive breast cancer and ipsilateral DCIS after treatment, and stage and subtype of ipsilateral invasive breast cancer. Design Multinational, pooled cohort study. Setting Four large international cohorts. Participants Patient level data on 47 695 women with a diagnosis
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Pharmaceutical industry payments and delivery of non-recommended and low value cancer drugs: population based cohort study BMJ (IF 105.7) Pub Date : 2023-10-25 Aaron P Mitchell, Stacie B Dusetzina, Akriti Mishra Meza, Niti U Trivedi, Peter B Bach, Aaron N Winn
Objective To estimate the association between oncologists’ receipt of payments from the pharmaceutical industry and delivery of non-recommended or low value interventions among their patients. Design Cohort study. Setting Fee-for-service Medicare claims. Participants Medicare beneficiaries with a diagnosis of incident cancer (new occurrence of a cancer diagnosis code in proximity to claims for cancer
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Racial differences in low value care among older adult Medicare patients in US health systems: retrospective cohort study BMJ (IF 105.7) Pub Date : 2023-10-25 Ishani Ganguli, Matthew B Mackwood, Ching-Wen Wendy Yang, Maia Crawford, Kathleen L Mulligan, A James O’Malley, Elliott S Fisher, Nancy E Morden
Objective To characterize racial differences in receipt of low value care (services that provide little to no benefit yet have potential for harm) among older Medicare beneficiaries overall and within health systems in the United States. Design Retrospective cohort study Setting 100% Medicare fee-for-service administrative data (2016–18). Participants Black and White Medicare patients aged 65 or older
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Clinical effectiveness of septoplasty versus medical management for nasal airways obstruction: multicentre, open label, randomised controlled trial BMJ (IF 105.7) Pub Date : 2023-10-18 Sean Carrie, James O’Hara, Tony Fouweather, Tara Homer, Nikki Rousseau, Leila Rooshenas, Alison Bray, Deborah D Stocken, Laura Ternent, Katherine Rennie, Emma Clark, Nichola Waugh, Alison J Steel, Jemima Dooley, Michael Drinnan, David Hamilton, Kelly Lloyd, Yemi Oluboyede, Caroline Wilson, Quentin Gardiner, Naveed Kara, Sadie Khwaja, Samuel C Leong, Sangeeta Maini, Jillian Morrison, Paul Nix, Janet
Objective To assess the clinical effectiveness of septoplasty. Design Multicentre, randomised controlled trial. Setting 17 otolaryngology clinics in the UK’s National Health Service. Participants 378 adults (≥18 years, 67% men) newly referred with symptoms of nasal obstruction associated with septal deviation and at least moderate symptoms of nasal obstruction (score >30 on the Nasal Obstruction and
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Rosuvastatin versus atorvastatin treatment in adults with coronary artery disease: secondary analysis of the randomised LODESTAR trial BMJ (IF 105.7) Pub Date : 2023-10-18 Yong-Joon Lee, Sung-Jin Hong, Woong Chol Kang, Bum-Kee Hong, Jong-Young Lee, Jin-Bae Lee, Hyung-Jin Cho, Junghan Yoon, Seung-Jun Lee, Chul-Min Ahn, Jung-Sun Kim, Byeong-Keuk Kim, Young-Guk Ko, Donghoon Choi, Yangsoo Jang, Myeong-Ki Hong
Objective To compare the long term efficacy and safety of rosuvastatin with atorvastatin treatment in adults with coronary artery disease. Design Randomised, open label, multicentre trial. Setting 12 hospitals in South Korea, September 2016 to November 2019. Participants 4400 adults (age ≥19 years) with coronary artery disease. Interventions Participants were assigned to receive either rosuvastatin
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Ultrasound guided lavage with corticosteroid injection versus sham lavage with and without corticosteroid injection for calcific tendinopathy of shoulder: randomised double blinded multi-arm study BMJ (IF 105.7) Pub Date : 2023-10-11 Stefan Moosmayer, Ole Marius Ekeberg, Hanna Björnsson Hallgren, Ingar Heier, Synnøve Kvalheim, Niels Gunnar Juel, Jesper Blomquist, Are Hugo Pripp, Jens Ivar Brox
Objective To compare treatment effects between ultrasound guided lavage with corticosteroid injection and sham lavage with and without corticosteroid injection in patients with calcific tendinopathy of the shoulder. Design Pragmatic, three arm, parallel group, double blinded, sham controlled, randomised, superiority trial with repeated measurements over 24 months. Setting Six hospitals in Norway and
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Early versus delayed antihypertensive treatment in patients with acute ischaemic stroke: multicentre, open label, randomised, controlled trial BMJ (IF 105.7) Pub Date : 2023-10-09 Liping Liu, Xuewei Xie, Yuesong Pan, Aili Wang, Yufei Wei, Jingyi Liu, Ximing Nie, Dacheng Liu, Zilin Zhao, Penglian Wang, Suwen Shen, Chongke Zhong, Tan Xu, Dali Wang, Gui-Chun Wang, Denghua Song, Yunsheng Ma, Jinguo Zhao, Yong Jiang, Jing Jing, Xia Meng, Katherine Obst, Chung-Shiuan Chen, David Wang, Yilong Wang, Yonghong Zhang, Yongjun Wang, Jiang He
Objectives To compared the effect of early antihypertensive treatment started within 24-48 h of stroke onset versus delaying treatment until day eight on reducing dependency or death. Design Multicentre, randomised, open label trial. Setting 106 hospitals in China between 13 June 2018 and 10 July 2022. Participants 4810 patients (≥40 years) were enrolled with acute ischaemic stroke within 24-48 h of
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Interactive effects of ambient fine particulate matter and ozone on daily mortality in 372 cities: two stage time series analysis BMJ (IF 105.7) Pub Date : 2023-10-04 Cong Liu, Renjie Chen, Francesco Sera, Ana Maria Vicedo-Cabrera, Yuming Guo, Shilu Tong, Eric Lavigne, Patricia Matus Correa, Nicolás Valdés Ortega, Souzana Achilleos, Dominic Roye, Jouni JK Jaakkola, Niilo Ryti, Mathilde Pascal, Alexandra Schneider, Susanne Breitner, Alireza Entezari, Fatemeh Mayvaneh, Raanan Raz, Yasushi Honda, Masahiro Hashizume, Chris Fook Sheng Ng, Vânia Gaio, Joana Madureira
Objective To investigate potential interactive effects of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and ozone (O3) on daily mortality at global level. Design Two stage time series analysis. Setting 372 cities across 19 countries and regions. Population Daily counts of deaths from all causes, cardiovascular disease, and respiratory disease. Main outcome measure Daily mortality data during 1994-2020. Stratified
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Mortality risks associated with floods in 761 communities worldwide: time series study BMJ (IF 105.7) Pub Date : 2023-10-04 Zhengyu Yang, Wenzhong Huang, Joanne E McKenzie, Rongbin Xu, Pei Yu, Tingting Ye, Bo Wen, Antonio Gasparrini, Ben Armstrong, Shilu Tong, Eric Lavigne, Joana Madureira, Jan Kyselý, Yuming Guo, Shanshan Li
Objective To evaluate lag-response associations and effect modifications of exposure to floods with risks of all cause, cardiovascular, and respiratory mortality on a global scale. Design Time series study. Setting 761 communities in 35 countries or territories with at least one flood event during the study period. Participants Multi-Country Multi-City Collaborative Research Network database, Australian
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Association between changes in carbohydrate intake and long term weight changes: prospective cohort study BMJ (IF 105.7) Pub Date : 2023-09-27 Yi Wan, Deirdre K Tobias, Kristine K Dennis, Marta Guasch-Ferré, Qi Sun, Eric B Rimm, Frank B Hu, David S Ludwig, Orrin Devinsky, Walter C Willett
Objective To comprehensively examine the associations between changes in carbohydrate intake and weight change at four year intervals. Design Prospective cohort study. Setting Nurses’ Health Study (1986-2010), Nurses’ Health Study II (1991-2015), and Health Professionals Follow-Up Study (1986-2014). Participants 136 432 men and women aged 65 years or younger and free of diabetes, cancer, cardiovascular
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Association between recently raised anticholinergic burden and risk of acute cardiovascular events: nationwide case-case-time-control study BMJ (IF 105.7) Pub Date : 2023-09-27 Wei-Ching Huang, Avery Shuei-He Yang, Daniel Hsiang-Te Tsai, Shih-Chieh Shao, Swu-Jane Lin, Edward Chia-Cheng Lai
Objective To evaluate the association between recently raised anticholinergic burden and risk of acute cardiovascular events in older adults. Design Case-case-time-control study (ie, incorporating a case crossover design and a control crossover design consisting of future cases). Setting Taiwan’s National Health Insurance Research Database. Participants 317 446 adults aged ≥65 who were admitted to
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Future-case control crossover analysis for adjusting bias in case crossover studies BMJ (IF 105.7) Pub Date : 2023-09-27 Wei-Ching Huang, Edward Chia-Cheng Lai
This article outlines the issues of exposure time trends in the case crossover design and the implementation of the case-case-time-control design, a control crossover analysis using “future cases” to adjust the exposure time trends. The future-case control crossover analysis minimises the influence of constant time confounders, as well as the protopathic bias arising from exposure time trends. The